The grateful elephant, Opening, part 3, sentence 130
We returned, supposing: ‘He must have gone on ahead of us.’”
Who acts: We, cloud · What happens: return, suppose, go
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, cloud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 returned | nsubj |
| 2 | returned | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 supposing | punct |
| 4 | supposing | suppose | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 returned | advcl |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 gone | punct |
| 6 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 10 gone | punct |
| 7 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 gone | nsubj |
| 8 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 gone | aux |
| 9 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 10 gone | aux |
| 10 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 returned | parataxis |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 us | case |
| 12 | ahead | ahead | ADV | _ | 14 us | advmod |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 us | case |
| 14 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 gone | obl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 gone | punct |
| 16 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 10 gone | punct |
| 17 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 returned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | return | past | We | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | suppose | gerund | We not said here | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | go | must · perfect | cloud | on us | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on we=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/3/130/