The grateful elephant, Opening, part 3, sentence 71
But when the king of Kosala, who ruled over the country immediately adjoining, heard that the king was dead, he reflected: “The kingdom, they say, is empty;” and came with a large army and surrounded the city.
Who acts: king, children, kingdom, large army · What happens: rule, adjoin, hear, be, reflect, say · To what, where: country, kingdom, city · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, children, kingdom, large army), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 heard | cc |
| 2 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 9 ruled | advmod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 king | det |
| 4 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 ruled | nsubj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 Kosala | case |
| 6 | Kosala | Kosala | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 king | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 ruled | punct |
| 8 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 ruled | nsubj |
| 9 | ruled | rule | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 heard | parataxis |
| 10 | over | over | ADP | _ | 12 country | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 country | det |
| 12 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 ruled | obl |
| 13 | immediately | immediately | ADV | _ | 14 adjoining | advmod |
| 14 | adjoining | adjoin | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 ruled | advcl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 ruled | punct |
| 16 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 21 dead | mark |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 king | det |
| 19 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 dead | nsubj |
| 20 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 dead | cop |
| 21 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 heard | ccomp |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 reflected | punct |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 reflected | nsubj |
| 24 | reflected | reflect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 heard | conj |
| 25 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 34 empty | punct |
| 26 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 empty | punct |
| 27 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 kingdom | det |
| 28 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 empty | nsubj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 say | punct |
| 30 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 say | nsubj |
| 31 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 kingdom | acl:relcl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 kingdom | punct |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 empty | cop |
| 34 | empty | empty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 reflected | parataxis |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 empty | punct |
| 36 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 empty | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 came | cc |
| 38 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 reflected | conj |
| 39 | with | with | ADP | _ | 42 army | case |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 army | det |
| 41 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 army | amod |
| 42 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 came | obl |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 surrounded | cc |
| 44 | surrounded | surround | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 42 army | acl |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 city | det |
| 46 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 surrounded | obj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rule | past | the king of Kosala | the country | who nsubj | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | adjoin | gerund | the king of Kosala not said here | immediately property | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | hear | past | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 4 | is | past | the king | dead property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | reflect | past | king | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | say speech: assert in a quote | present | children = child | the kingdom not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent kingdom=Topic | ||||
| 7 | is in a quote | present | the kingdom | empty property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | come | past | king not said here | with a large army | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 9 | surround | participle | a large army not said here | the city | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme city=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/3/71/