The grateful elephant, Opening, part 4, sentence 100
“Monks,” said the Teacher, “not only in his present state of existence has Devadatta proved to be ungrateful; in a previous state of existence also he was ungrateful just the same.
Who acts: Monks, Teacher · What happens: say, prove, be · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Monks, Teacher), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Monks | punct |
| 2 | Monks | monk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 said | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Monks | punct |
| 4 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Monks | punct |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Teacher | det |
| 7 | Teacher | Teacher | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 proved | nsubj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 has | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 has | punct |
| 10 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 state | advmod |
| 11 | only | only | ADV | _ | 15 state | advmod |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 state | case |
| 13 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 state | nmod:poss |
| 14 | present | present | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 state | amod |
| 15 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 has | nsubj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 existence | case |
| 17 | existence | existence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 state | nmod |
| 18 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 proved | aux |
| 19 | Devadatta | Devadatta | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 has | obj |
| 20 | proved | prove | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 said | ccomp |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 ungrateful | mark |
| 22 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 23 ungrateful | cop |
| 23 | ungrateful | ungrateful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 proved | xcomp |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 state | punct |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 state | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 state | det |
| 27 | previous | previous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 state | amod |
| 28 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 said | ccomp |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 existence | case |
| 30 | existence | existence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 state | nmod |
| 31 | also | also | ADV | _ | 34 ungrateful | advmod |
| 32 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 ungrateful | nsubj |
| 33 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 ungrateful | cop |
| 34 | ungrateful | ungrateful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 state | advcl |
| 35 | just | just | ADV | _ | 37 same | advmod |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 same | det |
| 37 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 ungrateful | xcomp |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Monks | a previous state of existence ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | prove in a quote | present · perfect | the Teacher | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is in a quote | to-infinitive | the Teacher not said here | ungrateful property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is in a quote | past | Teacher | same, ungrateful property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/4/100/