The grateful elephant, Opening, part 4, sentence 111
Unable to distinguish the directions, he lost his way, and terrified with the fear of death, went about with outstretched arms lamenting.
Who acts: Buddha · What happens: distinguish, lose, go about, lament, fear · To what, where: directions, way, death
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Unable | unable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 2 | to | to | PART | _ | 3 distinguish | mark |
| 3 | distinguish | distinguish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Unable | xcomp |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 directions | det |
| 5 | directions | direction | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 distinguish | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 lost | punct |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 lost | nsubj |
| 8 | lost | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Unable | conj |
| 9 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 way | nmod:poss |
| 10 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 lost | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 terrified | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 terrified | cc |
| 13 | terrified | terrified | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Unable | conj |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 fear | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 fear | det |
| 16 | fear | fear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 terrified | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 death | case |
| 18 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 fear | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 went | punct |
| 20 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 terrified | conj |
| 21 | about | about | ADV | _ | 20 went | advmod |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 arms | case |
| 23 | outstretched | outstretched | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 arms | amod |
| 24 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 went | obl |
| 25 | lamenting | lament | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 went | advcl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Unable | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | distinguish | to-infinitive | the directions | vn distinguish-23.5-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Attribute direction=Theme | |||||
| 2 | lose | past | Buddha | Buddha's way | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | go about | past | with outstretched arms; about property | vn confront-98 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with arm=Instrument | |||||
| 4 | lament | gerund | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 6 | fear | death | nom fear «feeling transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/4/111/