The grateful elephant, Opening, part 4, sentence 76
Again one day, desiring to test the snake, the rat, and the parrot, he went with a large retinue to the place of abode of the snake and called him out, saying: “Longfellow!”
Who acts: Buddha · What happens: desire, test, go, call out, say · To what, where: rat, snake, place, Buddha, Longfellow · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Again | again | ADV | _ | 5 desiring | advmod |
| 2 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 day | nummod |
| 3 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Again | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Again | punct |
| 5 | desiring | desire | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 went | advcl |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 test | mark |
| 7 | test | test | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 desiring | xcomp |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 snake | det |
| 9 | snake | snake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 test | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 rat | punct |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 rat | det |
| 12 | rat | rat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 desiring | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 parrot | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 parrot | cc |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 parrot | det |
| 16 | parrot | parrot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 rat | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 desiring | punct |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 went | nsubj |
| 19 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 retinue | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 retinue | det |
| 22 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 retinue | amod |
| 23 | retinue | retinue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 went | obl |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 place | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 place | det |
| 26 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 went | obl |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 abode | case |
| 28 | abode | abode | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 place | nmod |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 snake | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 snake | det |
| 31 | snake | snake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 abode | nmod |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 called | cc |
| 33 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 went | conj |
| 34 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 called | obj |
| 35 | out | out | ADP | _ | 33 called | compound:prt |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 saying | punct |
| 37 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 went | advcl |
| 38 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 40 Longfellow | punct |
| 39 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 40 Longfellow | punct |
| 40 | Longfellow | longfellow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 saying | obj |
| 41 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 40 Longfellow | punct |
| 42 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 40 Longfellow | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | desire | gerund | Buddha not said here | the rat the parrot | again | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||
| 2 | test not said to happen | to-infinitive | Buddha not said here | the snake | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snake=Theme | ||||
| 3 | go | past | Buddha | the place of abode of the snake | with a large retinue | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to place=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | call out speech: assert | past | Buddha not said here | Buddha | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | gerund | Buddha not said here | Longfellow | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent longfellow=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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