The grateful elephant, Opening, part 6, sentence 40
To whom did he speak thus: ‘Dear Dīghāvu, do not look long!
Who acts: Dīghāvu · What happens: speak, not look · To what, where: Dear Dīghāvu · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dīghāvu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | To | to | ADP | _ | 2 whom | case |
| 2 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 speak | obl |
| 3 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 speak | aux |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 speak | nsubj |
| 5 | speak | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 5 speak | advmod |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 Dīghāvu | punct |
| 8 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 10 Dīghāvu | punct |
| 9 | Dear | dear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 Dīghāvu | amod |
| 10 | Dīghāvu | Dīghāvu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 speak | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 look | punct |
| 12 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 14 look | aux |
| 13 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 14 look | advmod |
| 14 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 Dīghāvu | parataxis |
| 15 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 look | xcomp |
| 16 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 5 speak | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | past · do-support | Dīghāvu | Dear Dīghāvu | whom obl; thus property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to whom=Co-Agent | |||
| 2 | not look | infinitive · do-support | long property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/6/40/