The grateful elephant, Opening, part 7, sentence 101
He took his stand in the settlements at the four gates and tested those who dwelt without the city.
Who acts: place · What happens: take, test, dwell · To what, where: stand, settlements, those
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (place), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 took | nsubj |
| 2 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 stand | nmod:poss |
| 4 | stand | stand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 took | obj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 settlements | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 settlements | det |
| 7 | settlements | settlement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 took | obl |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 11 gates | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 gates | det |
| 10 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 gates | nummod |
| 11 | gates | gate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 took | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 tested | cc |
| 13 | tested | test | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 took | conj |
| 14 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 13 tested | obj |
| 15 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 dwelt | nsubj |
| 16 | dwelt | dwell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 those | acl:relcl |
| 17 | without | without | ADP | _ | 19 city | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 city | det |
| 19 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 dwelt | obl |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | place | place's stand | the settlements | at the four gates | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent stand=Value in settlement=Location | ||
| 2 | test | participle | place not said here | those | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme | ||||
| 3 | dwell | past | without the city; who nsubj | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/7/101/