The grateful elephant, Opening, part 7, sentence 80

This alone is remarkable, that kings of old, listening to the words of men who were wise but not omniscient, decided litigations righteously and justly, avoided the Four Evil Courses, kept inviolate the Ten Royal Virtues, ruled justly, and departed fulfilling the Path to Heaven.”

Who acts: This, kings, men, Four Evil Courses, Ten Royal Virtues · What happens: be, listen, decide, avoid, keep, inviolate · To what, where: that, Four Evil Courses, Ten Royal Virtues, Path, Heaven, men

This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, kings, men, Four Evil Courses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	This	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 remarkable	nsubj
2	alone	alone	ADV	_	1 This	advmod
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 remarkable	cop
4	remarkable	remarkable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 decided	punct
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	24 decided	obl:unmarked
7	kings	king	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 decided	nsubj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 old	case
9	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 kings	amod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 listening	punct
11	listening	listen	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 old	advcl
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 words	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 words	det
14	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 listening	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 men	case
16	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 words	nmod
17	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 wise	nsubj
18	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 wise	cop
19	wise	wise	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 men	acl:relcl
20	but	but	CCONJ	_	22 omniscient	cc
21	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	22 omniscient	advmod
22	omniscient	omniscient	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 wise	conj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 kings	punct
24	decided	decide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 remarkable	parataxis
25	litigations	litigation	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 decided	obj
26	righteously	righteously	ADV	_	25 litigations	advmod
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 justly	cc
28	justly	justly	ADV	_	26 righteously	conj
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 avoided	punct
30	avoided	avoid	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 decided	conj
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 Courses	det
32	Four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	34 Courses	nummod
33	Evil	evil	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 Courses	compound
34	Courses	course	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 avoided	obj
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 kept	punct
36	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	34 Courses	acl
37	inviolate	inviolate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	36 kept	xcomp
38	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	41 Virtues	det
39	Ten	Ten	PROPN	Number=Sing	41 Virtues	compound
40	Royal	Royal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	41 Virtues	amod
41	Virtues	Virtue	PROPN	Number=Plur	37 inviolate	obj
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	43 ruled	punct
43	ruled	rule	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	41 Virtues	acl:relcl
44	justly	justly	ADV	_	43 ruled	advmod
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 departed	punct
46	and	and	CCONJ	_	47 departed	cc
47	departed	depart	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 decided	conj
48	fulfilling	fulfil	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	47 departed	xcomp
49	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	50 Path	det
50	Path	Path	PROPN	Number=Sing	48 fulfilling	obj
51	to	to	ADP	_	52 Heaven	case
52	Heaven	Heaven	PROPN	Number=Sing	48 fulfilling	obl
53	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 remarkable	punct
54	”	"	PUNCT	_	4 remarkable	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	This			remarkable property	tree rules
2	listen	gerund	kings not said here			to the words of men	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to word=Theme
3	is	past	men			omniscient conj; wise property	tree rules
4	decide	past	kings	that		litigations obj	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent litigation=Topic
5	avoid	past	kings not said here	the Four Evil Courses			vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent course=Location
6	keep	participle		the Four Evil Courses not said here			tree rules
7	inviolate	infinitive	the Four Evil Courses not said here	the Ten Royal Virtues			tree rules
8	rule	past	the Ten Royal Virtues not said here			justly property	vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
9	depart	past	kings not said here				tree rules
10	fulfil	gerund	kings not said here	the Path	Heaven		tree rules
11	word			men			nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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🌲 The grateful elephant, Opening, part 7, sentence 80

The tree

Pragmatics

The grateful elephant, Opening, part 7, sentence 80