The grateful elephant, Opening, part 8, sentence 20
Perceiving that the spear had stuck, he smote him with a club.
Who acts: spear · What happens: perceive, have, smite · To what, where: ogre
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spear), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Perceiving | perceive | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 smote | advcl |
| 2 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 5 had | mark |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 spear | det |
| 4 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 had | nsubj |
| 5 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Perceiving | advcl |
| 6 | stuck | stuck | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 had | xcomp |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Perceiving | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 smote | nsubj |
| 9 | smote | smite | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 smote | obj |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 club | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 club | det |
| 13 | club | club | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 smote | obl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 smote | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | perceive | gerund | spear not said here | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | have | past | the spear | stuck property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | smite | past | spear | ogre | with a club | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Patient with club=Instrument |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/8/20/