The grateful elephant, Opening, part 8, sentence 22
Perceiving that the club had stuck, he said: “Master ogre, you have never heard of me before.
Who acts: club, you · What happens: perceive, have, say, not hear · To what, where: Master ogre · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (club, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Perceiving | perceive | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 said | advcl |
| 2 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 5 had | mark |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 club | det |
| 4 | club | club | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 had | nsubj |
| 5 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Perceiving | advcl |
| 6 | stuck | stuck | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 had | xcomp |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Perceiving | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 said | nsubj |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 ogre | punct |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 ogre | punct |
| 12 | Master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 ogre | compound |
| 13 | ogre | ogre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 said | ccomp |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 heard | punct |
| 15 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 18 heard | nsubj |
| 16 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 heard | aux |
| 17 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 18 heard | advmod |
| 18 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 ogre | acl:relcl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 me | case |
| 20 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 heard | obl |
| 21 | before | before | ADV | _ | 18 heard | advmod |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | perceive | gerund | club not said here | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | have | past | the club | stuck property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | club | Master ogre ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | not hear in a quote | present · perfect | you | Master ogre not said here | of club; before property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer ogre=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/8/22/