The grateful elephant, Opening, part 8, sentence 4
Now at the mouth of the forest men who saw him tried to dissuade him from entering, saying: “Sir prince, do not enter this forest; an ogre named Sticky-hair lives here; he kills every man he sees.”
Who acts: forest men, Sir prince, ogre, prince · What happens: see, try, dissuade, enter, say, not enter · To what, where: prince, mouth, Sir prince, forest, Sticky hair, man · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (forest men, Sir prince, ogre, prince), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 12 tried | advmod |
| 2 | at | at | ADP | _ | 4 mouth | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 mouth | det |
| 4 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 tried | obl |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 men | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 men | det |
| 7 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 men | compound |
| 8 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 mouth | nmod |
| 9 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 saw | nsubj |
| 10 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 men | acl:relcl |
| 11 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 saw | obj |
| 12 | tried | try | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 dissuade | mark |
| 14 | dissuade | dissuade | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 tried | xcomp |
| 15 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 dissuade | obj |
| 16 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 17 entering | mark |
| 17 | entering | enter | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 dissuade | advcl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 saying | punct |
| 19 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 dissuade | advcl |
| 20 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 23 prince | punct |
| 21 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 prince | punct |
| 22 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 prince | compound |
| 23 | prince | prince | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 saying | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 enter | punct |
| 25 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 27 enter | aux |
| 26 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 27 enter | advmod |
| 27 | enter | enter | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 prince | acl:relcl |
| 28 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 29 forest | det |
| 29 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 enter | obj |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 lives | punct |
| 31 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 ogre | det |
| 32 | ogre | ogre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 lives | nsubj |
| 33 | named | name | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 ogre | acl |
| 34 | Sticky | sticky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 hair | amod |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 Sticky | punct |
| 36 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 named | obj |
| 37 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 tried | parataxis |
| 38 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 37 lives | advmod |
| 39 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 41 kills | punct |
| 40 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 kills | nsubj |
| 41 | kills | kill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 tried | parataxis |
| 42 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 43 man | det |
| 43 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 kills | obj |
| 44 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 sees | nsubj |
| 45 | sees | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 man | acl:relcl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 41 kills | punct |
| 47 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 41 kills | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | the forest men | prince | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | try | past | the mouth of the forest men | now | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | dissuade not said to happen | to-infinitive | prince | vn discourage-64.5 «NP V NP PP.eventuality»: agent=Causer he=Beneficiary | |||||
| 4 | enter | gerund | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | gerund | Sir prince | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent prince=Topic | |||||
| 6 | not enter in a quote | infinitive · do-support | Sir prince not said here | this forest | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme forest=Destination | ||||
| 7 | name in a quote | participle | a ogre not said here | Sticky hair | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Theme | ||||
| 8 | live in a quote | present | a ogre | here | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 9 | kill in a quote | present | prince | every man | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Theme | ||||
| 10 | see in a quote | present | prince | every man not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/8/4/