The grateful elephant, Opening, part 8, sentence 43
Not daring to eat him, he asked: “Youth, why are you not afraid? why are you not terrified with the fear of death?”
Who acts: ogre, you · What happens: not dare, not eat, ask, not be, fear · To what, where: ogre, Youth, death · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ogre, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 2 daring | advmod |
| 2 | daring | dare | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 asked | advcl |
| 3 | to | to | PART | _ | 4 eat | mark |
| 4 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 daring | xcomp |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 eat | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 daring | punct |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 asked | nsubj |
| 8 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 Youth | punct |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 Youth | punct |
| 11 | Youth | youth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 asked | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 afraid | punct |
| 13 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 17 afraid | advmod |
| 14 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 afraid | cop |
| 15 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 17 afraid | nsubj |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 afraid | advmod |
| 17 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 asked | ccomp |
| 18 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 17 afraid | punct |
| 19 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 23 terrified | advmod |
| 20 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 terrified | cop |
| 21 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 23 terrified | nsubj |
| 22 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 23 terrified | advmod |
| 23 | terrified | terrified | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 afraid | ccomp |
| 24 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 fear | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 fear | det |
| 26 | fear | fear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 terrified | obl |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 death | case |
| 28 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 fear | nmod |
| 29 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 17 afraid | punct |
| 30 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 asked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not dare | gerund | ogre not said here | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | not eat | to-infinitive | ogre not said here | ogre | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient | ||||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | past | ogre | Youth | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | not is in a quote | present | you | afraid property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | not is in a quote | present | you | with the fear of death; terrified property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | fear in a quote | death | nom fear «feeling transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/8/43/