The grateful elephant, Opening, part 9, sentence 23
And having approached, they said this to Sakka king of gods:
Who acts: gods · What happens: have, approach, say · To what, where: this, Sakka king · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gods), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 said | cc |
| 2 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 said | advcl |
| 3 | approached | approach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 having | xcomp |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 having | punct |
| 5 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 said | nsubj |
| 6 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 said | obj |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 king | case |
| 9 | Sakka | Sakka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 king | compound |
| 10 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 said | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 gods | case |
| 12 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 king | nmod |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 6 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | gerund | gods = god not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | approach | participle | gods = god not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | gods = god | this | Sakka king of gods | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent this=Topic to king=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/9/23/