Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 10, sentence 106
A sharp north wind shook the bare branches of the trees that grew thick on both sides of the way, blew the snow in the ravines, and heaped it to huge snow-drifts, which threatened the traveller unacquainted with the locality with danger.
Who acts: sharp north wind, trees, huge snow drifts · What happens: shake, grow, blow, heap, threaten · To what, where: bare branches, snow, traveller
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sharp north wind, trees, huge snow drifts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 wind | det |
| 2 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 wind | amod |
| 3 | north | north | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 wind | compound |
| 4 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 shook | nsubj |
| 5 | shook | shake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 branches | det |
| 7 | bare | bare | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 branches | amod |
| 8 | branches | branch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 shook | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 trees | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 trees | det |
| 11 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 branches | nmod |
| 12 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 grew | nsubj |
| 13 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 trees | acl:relcl |
| 14 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 grew | xcomp |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 17 sides | case |
| 16 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 sides | det |
| 17 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 thick | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 way | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 way | det |
| 20 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 sides | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 blew | punct |
| 22 | blew | blow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 shook | conj |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 snow | det |
| 24 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 blew | obj |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 ravines | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 ravines | det |
| 27 | ravines | ravine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 blew | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 heaped | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 heaped | cc |
| 30 | heaped | heap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 shook | conj |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 heaped | obj |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 36 drifts | case |
| 33 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 drifts | amod |
| 34 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 drifts | compound |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 snow | punct |
| 36 | drifts | drift | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 heaped | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 threatened | punct |
| 38 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 39 threatened | nsubj |
| 39 | threatened | threaten | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 drifts | acl:relcl |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 traveller | det |
| 41 | traveller | traveller | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 threatened | obj |
| 42 | unacquainted | unacquainted | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 traveller | amod |
| 43 | with | with | ADP | _ | 45 locality | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 locality | det |
| 45 | locality | locality | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 unacquainted | obl |
| 46 | with | with | ADP | _ | 47 danger | case |
| 47 | danger | danger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 locality | nmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 shook | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shake | past | a sharp north wind | the bare branches of the trees | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent branch=Patient | ||||
| 2 | grow | past | the trees | thick property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | blow | past | a sharp north wind not said here | the snow | in the ravines | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent snow=Patient in ravine=Topic | |||
| 4 | heap | past | a sharp north wind not said here | snow | to huge snow drifts | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme | |||
| 5 | threaten | past | huge snow drifts | the traveller | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus traveller=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/11/106/