Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 10, sentence 108
Often the teamster stood and listened, and gazed into the darkness in search of some shelter, and called for help, and heard the echoes of his own voice ring deep in the snowy wood, but all remained desolate, dumb, and awful.
Who acts: teamster · What happens: stand, listen, gaze, call, hear, remain · To what, where: echoes, shelter · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (teamster), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Often | often | ADV | _ | 4 stood | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 teamster | det |
| 3 | teamster | teamster | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stood | nsubj |
| 4 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 listened | cc |
| 6 | listened | listen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 stood | conj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 gazed | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 gazed | cc |
| 9 | gazed | gaze | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 stood | conj |
| 10 | into | into | ADP | _ | 12 darkness | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 darkness | det |
| 12 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 gazed | obl |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 search | case |
| 14 | search | search | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 gazed | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 shelter | case |
| 16 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 17 shelter | det |
| 17 | shelter | shelter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 search | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 called | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 called | cc |
| 20 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 stood | conj |
| 21 | for | for | ADP | _ | 22 help | case |
| 22 | help | help | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 called | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 heard | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 heard | cc |
| 25 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 stood | conj |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 echoes | det |
| 27 | echoes | echo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 heard | obj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 ring | case |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 ring | nmod:poss |
| 30 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 ring | amod |
| 31 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 ring | compound |
| 32 | ring | ring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 echoes | nmod |
| 33 | deep | deep | ADV | _ | 37 wood | advmod |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 wood | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 wood | det |
| 36 | snowy | snowy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 wood | amod |
| 37 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 ring | nmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 dumb | punct |
| 39 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 44 dumb | cc |
| 40 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 44 dumb | advmod |
| 41 | remained | remain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 42 desolate | advcl |
| 42 | desolate | desolate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 all | acl:relcl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 all | punct |
| 44 | dumb | dumb | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 stood | parataxis |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 awful | punct |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 awful | cc |
| 47 | awful | awful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 dumb | conj |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 stood | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | past | the teamster | often property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | listen | past | the teamster not said here | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | gaze | past | the teamster not said here | in search of some shelter; into the darkness | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent into darkness=Theme | ||||
| 4 | call | participle | the teamster not said here | for help | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for help=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | hear | past | the teamster not said here | the echoes of teamster's own voice ring in the snowy wood | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer echo=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | remain | participle | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 7 | desolate | infinitive | tree rules | ||||||
| 8 | search | some shelter | nom search «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/11/108/