Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 10, sentence 20
Once, as he thus sat and mused in the twilight, the bats and owls just beginning their nocturnal rounds, a huge, swarthy labourer suddenly appeared before him, greeted him with a _Gott-sei-bei-uns!
Who acts: Mill, bats · What happens: sit, muse, begin, appear, greet · To what, where: twilight, nocturnal rounds, Mill
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mill, bats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 6 sat | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Once | punct |
| 3 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 6 sat | mark |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 sat | nsubj |
| 5 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 6 sat | advmod |
| 6 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 mused | cc |
| 8 | mused | muse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 sat | conj |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 twilight | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 twilight | det |
| 11 | twilight | twilight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 mused | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 bats | punct |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 bats | det |
| 14 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 twilight | conj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 owls | cc |
| 16 | owls | owl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 bats | conj |
| 17 | just | just | ADV | _ | 18 beginning | advmod |
| 18 | beginning | begin | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 bats | acl |
| 19 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 rounds | nmod:poss |
| 20 | nocturnal | nocturnal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 rounds | amod |
| 21 | rounds | round | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 beginning | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 labourer | punct |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 labourer | det |
| 24 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 labourer | amod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 huge | punct |
| 26 | swarthy | swarthy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 labourer | amod |
| 27 | labourer | labourer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 twilight | conj |
| 28 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 29 appeared | advmod |
| 29 | appeared | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 labourer | advcl |
| 30 | before | before | ADP | _ | 31 him | case |
| 31 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 appeared | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 greeted | punct |
| 33 | greeted | greet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 sat | conj |
| 34 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 greeted | obj |
| 35 | with | with | ADP | _ | 44 uns | case |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 uns | det |
| 37 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 40 sei | punct |
| 38 | Gott | Gott | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 sei | compound |
| 39 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 38 Gott | punct |
| 40 | sei | sei | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 bei | compound |
| 41 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 40 sei | punct |
| 42 | bei | bei | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 uns | compound |
| 43 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 42 bei | punct |
| 44 | uns | un | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 greeted | obl |
| 45 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 6 sat | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sit | past | Mill | once, thus property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | muse | past | Mill not said here | the twilight and the bats and owls and a huge swarthy labourer | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | begin | gerund | the bats and owls not said here | owls's nocturnal rounds | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent round=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | appear | past | Mill not said here | before Mill | suddenly property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before he=Location | |||
| 5 | greet speech: greet | past | Mill not said here | Mill | with a bei uns | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/11/20/