Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 10, sentence 56
He seized his lance and battle-axe, hurled his javelin into the thickest ranks of the enemy, his arrow to that point where their leader stood, and stormed after them down the hill like a rock suddenly broken from the mountain's side, crushing and destroying all on his way, defending himself against the cloud of arrows that met his advance with his huge shield.
Who acts: wind, leader, arrows · What happens: seize, hurl, stand, storm, break, crush · To what, where: lance, javelin, thickest ranks, rock, all, way
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wind, leader, arrows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 seized | nsubj |
| 2 | seized | seize | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 lance | nmod:poss |
| 4 | lance | lance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 seized | obj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 axe | cc |
| 6 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 axe | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 battle | punct |
| 8 | axe | axe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 lance | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 hurled | punct |
| 10 | hurled | hurl | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 seized | conj |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 javelin | nmod:poss |
| 12 | javelin | javelin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 hurled | obj |
| 13 | into | into | ADP | _ | 16 ranks | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 ranks | det |
| 15 | thickest | thick | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 16 ranks | amod |
| 16 | ranks | rank | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 hurled | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 enemy | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 enemy | det |
| 19 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 ranks | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 arrow | punct |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 arrow | nmod:poss |
| 22 | arrow | arrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 enemy | appos |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 point | case |
| 24 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 25 point | det |
| 25 | point | point | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 arrow | nmod |
| 26 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 29 stood | advmod |
| 27 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 leader | nmod:poss |
| 28 | leader | leader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 stood | nsubj |
| 29 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 point | acl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 stormed | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 stormed | cc |
| 32 | stormed | storm | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 seized | conj |
| 33 | after | after | ADP | _ | 34 them | case |
| 34 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 stormed | obl |
| 35 | down | down | ADP | _ | 37 hill | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 hill | det |
| 37 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 stormed | obl |
| 38 | like | like | ADP | _ | 40 rock | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 rock | det |
| 40 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 hill | nmod |
| 41 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 42 broken | advmod |
| 42 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 40 rock | acl |
| 43 | from | from | ADP | _ | 47 side | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 mountain | det |
| 45 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 side | nmod:poss |
| 46 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 45 mountain | case |
| 47 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 broken | obl |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 crushing | punct |
| 49 | crushing | crush | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 32 stormed | conj |
| 50 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 destroying | cc |
| 51 | destroying | destroy | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 49 crushing | conj |
| 52 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 51 destroying | obj |
| 53 | on | on | ADP | _ | 55 way | case |
| 54 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 55 way | nmod:poss |
| 55 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 all | nmod |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 defending | punct |
| 57 | defending | defend | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 49 crushing | conj |
| 58 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 57 defending | obj |
| 59 | against | against | ADP | _ | 61 cloud | case |
| 60 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 61 cloud | det |
| 61 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 defending | obl |
| 62 | of | of | ADP | _ | 63 arrows | case |
| 63 | arrows | arrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 61 cloud | nmod |
| 64 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 65 met | nsubj |
| 65 | met | meet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 63 arrows | acl:relcl |
| 66 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 67 advance | nmod:poss |
| 67 | advance | advance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 met | obj |
| 68 | with | with | ADP | _ | 71 shield | case |
| 69 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 71 shield | nmod:poss |
| 70 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 71 shield | amod |
| 71 | shield | shield | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 met | obl |
| 72 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 seized | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | seize | past | wind | wind's lance and battle axe | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lance=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hurl | past | wind not said here | wind's javelin | the thickest ranks of the enemy | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent javelin=Theme into rank=Destination | |||
| 3 | stand | past | ranks's leader | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | storm | participle | wind not said here | after ranks = rank | down the hill like a rock | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» | |||
| 5 | break | participle | a rock not said here | from the mountain's side; suddenly property | vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from side=Co-Patient | ||||
| 6 | crush | gerund | wind not said here | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 7 | destroy | gerund | wind not said here | all | wind's way | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent all=Patient | |||
| 8 | defend | gerund | wind not said here | wind | against the cloud of arrows | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent himself=Beneficiary against cloud=Theme | |||
| 9 | meet | past | arrows | wind's advance | with wind's huge shield | vn satisfy-55.7 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent advance=Theme with shield=Instrument | |||
| 10 | cloud | arrows | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 11 | advance | wind | nom advance «event intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/11/56/