Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 10, sentence 76
They made a funeral pile, and laid the victor, borne upon his shield, upon it, and the Huns formed a circle around the burning wood and sang the death-song, led by the bards.
Who acts: ashes, Huns · What happens: make, lay, bear, form, burn, sing · To what, where: funeral pile, victor, pile, circle, burning wood, death song
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ashes, Huns), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 made | nsubj |
| 2 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 pile | det |
| 4 | funeral | funeral | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 pile | compound |
| 5 | pile | pile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 made | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 laid | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 laid | cc |
| 8 | laid | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 made | conj |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 victor | det |
| 10 | victor | victor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 laid | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 borne | punct |
| 12 | borne | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 victor | acl |
| 13 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 15 shield | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 shield | nmod:poss |
| 15 | shield | shield | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 borne | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 it | punct |
| 17 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 18 it | case |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 laid | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 formed | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 formed | cc |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 Huns | det |
| 22 | Huns | Hun | PROPN | Number=Plur | 23 formed | nsubj |
| 23 | formed | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 made | conj |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 circle | det |
| 25 | circle | circle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 formed | obj |
| 26 | around | around | ADP | _ | 29 wood | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 wood | det |
| 28 | burning | burn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 29 wood | amod |
| 29 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 formed | obl |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 sang | cc |
| 31 | sang | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 made | conj |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 song | det |
| 33 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 song | compound |
| 34 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 death | punct |
| 35 | song | song | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 sang | obj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 led | punct |
| 37 | led | lead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 song | acl |
| 38 | by | by | ADP | _ | 40 bards | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 bards | det |
| 40 | bards | bard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 led | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | ashes = ash | a funeral pile | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pile=Product | ||||
| 2 | lay | past | ashes = ash not said here | the victor | pile | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent victor=Theme upon it=Destination | |||
| 3 | bear | participle | the victor not said here | upon Victor's shield | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | form | past | the Huns | a circle | the burning wood | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location circle=Theme | |||
| 5 | burn | gerund | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | sing speech: express | past | ashes = ash not said here | the death song | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme | ||||
| 7 | lead | participle | the death song not said here | by the bards | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by bard=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/11/76/