Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 12, sentence 3
Suddenly he heard a loud roar and noise, as of a hunter riding furiously past; he was terrified, dismounted in haste from his horse, and approaching a tree, as if for defence, cried aloud to the imagined huntsman, asking if he intended violence.
Who acts: Earl, hunter · What happens: hear, ride, be, dismount, approach, cry · To what, where: loud roar, haste, tree, imagined huntsman, violence
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Earl, hunter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 3 heard | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 heard | nsubj |
| 3 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 roar | det |
| 5 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 roar | amod |
| 6 | roar | roar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 heard | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 noise | cc |
| 8 | noise | noise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 roar | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 hunter | punct |
| 10 | as | as | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 13 hunter | case |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 as | fixed |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 hunter | det |
| 13 | hunter | hunter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 heard | conj |
| 14 | riding | ride | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 hunter | acl |
| 15 | furiously | furiously | ADV | _ | 14 riding | advmod |
| 16 | past | past | ADV | _ | 14 riding | advmod |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 terrified | punct |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 terrified | nsubj |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 terrified | cop |
| 20 | terrified | terrified | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 heard | parataxis |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 dismounted | punct |
| 22 | dismounted | dismount | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 terrified | conj |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 haste | case |
| 24 | haste | haste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 dismounted | obl |
| 25 | from | from | ADP | _ | 27 horse | case |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 horse | nmod:poss |
| 27 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 haste | nmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 approaching | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 approaching | cc |
| 30 | approaching | approach | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 heard | advcl |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 tree | det |
| 32 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 approaching | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 cried | punct |
| 34 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 39 cried | mark |
| 35 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 39 cried | mark |
| 36 | for | for | ADP | _ | 37 defence | case |
| 37 | defence | defence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 cried | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 defence | punct |
| 39 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 heard | conj |
| 40 | aloud | aloud | ADV | _ | 39 cried | advmod |
| 41 | to | to | ADP | _ | 44 huntsman | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 huntsman | det |
| 43 | imagined | imagine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 44 huntsman | amod |
| 44 | huntsman | huntsman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 cried | obl |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 asking | punct |
| 46 | asking | ask | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 39 cried | advcl |
| 47 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 49 intended | mark |
| 48 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 49 intended | nsubj |
| 49 | intended | intend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 asking | ccomp |
| 50 | violence | violence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 intended | obj |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Earl | a loud roar and noise | a hunter conj; suddenly property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer roar=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | ride | gerund | a hunter not said here | furiously, past property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | is | past | Earl | terrified property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | dismount | participle | Earl not said here | haste from Earl's horse | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 5 | approach | gerund | Earl not said here | a tree | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Theme | ||||
| 6 | cry speech: express a condition, not said to happen | past | Earl not said here | the imagined huntsman | for defence; aloud property | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to huntsman=Recipient | |||
| 7 | imagine | participle | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot | ||||||
| 8 | ask speech: ask | gerund | Earl not said here | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 9 | intend a condition, not said to happen | past | Earl | violence | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent violence=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/13/3/