Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 12, sentence 51
But there was a trick in the stipulation, namely, the etiquette of the royal court forbade any person, on pain of death, to hand anything direct to the Princess, but rather to the lady-in-waiting, who presented it to her mistress.
Who acts: trick, lady · What happens: be, forbid, hand, wait, present, pain · To what, where: person, anything, etiquette, mistress, death
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trick, lady), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 3 was | cc |
| 2 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 3 was | expl |
| 3 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 trick | det |
| 5 | trick | trick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 forbade | nsubj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 stipulation | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 stipulation | det |
| 8 | stipulation | stipulation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 trick | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 namely | punct |
| 10 | namely | namely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 stipulation | amod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 etiquette | punct |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 etiquette | det |
| 13 | etiquette | etiquette | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 forbade | nsubj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 court | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 court | det |
| 16 | royal | royal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 court | amod |
| 17 | court | court | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 etiquette | nmod |
| 18 | forbade | forbid | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 was | ccomp |
| 19 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 20 person | det |
| 20 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 forbade | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 pain | punct |
| 22 | on | on | ADP | _ | 23 pain | case |
| 23 | pain | pain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 person | appos |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 death | case |
| 25 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 pain | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 hand | punct |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 hand | mark |
| 28 | hand | hand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 forbade | conj |
| 29 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 28 hand | obj |
| 30 | direct | direct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 anything | amod |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 Princess | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 Princess | det |
| 33 | Princess | princess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 direct | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 presented | punct |
| 35 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 46 presented | cc |
| 36 | rather | rather | ADV | ExtPos=CCONJ | 39 lady | cc |
| 37 | to | to | ADP | _ | 36 rather | fixed |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 lady | det |
| 39 | lady | lady | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 presented | nsubj |
| 40 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 43 waiting | punct |
| 41 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 43 waiting | mark |
| 42 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 in | punct |
| 43 | waiting | wait | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 39 lady | acl:relcl |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 presented | punct |
| 45 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 46 presented | nsubj |
| 46 | presented | present | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 forbade | conj |
| 47 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 presented | obj |
| 48 | to | to | ADP | _ | 50 mistress | case |
| 49 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 50 mistress | nmod:poss |
| 50 | mistress | mistress | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 presented | obl |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 was | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | there | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | forbid | past | a trick in the stipulation | any person | the etiquette of the royal court nsubj | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer person=Theme | |||
| 3 | hand | to-infinitive | a trick in the stipulation not said here | anything | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme | ||||
| 4 | wait | gerund | the lady not said here | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | present | past | the lady | etiquette | Princess's mistress | who nsubj | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to mistress=Recipient | ||
| 6 | pain | death | nom pain «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/13/51/