Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 14, sentence 80
From the lofty ceiling rare birds warbled their delicious melodies in golden cages, and a grey parrot sat on his perch and pecked with his crooked bill the golden wires of his hated cage.
Who acts: rare birds, grey parrot, parrot · What happens: warble, sit, peck, hate, bill · To what, where: delicious melodies, lofty ceiling, perch
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rare birds, grey parrot, parrot), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | From | from | ADP | _ | 4 ceiling | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 ceiling | det |
| 3 | lofty | lofty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 ceiling | amod |
| 4 | ceiling | ceiling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 warbled | obl |
| 5 | rare | rare | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 birds | amod |
| 6 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 warbled | nsubj |
| 7 | warbled | warble | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 melodies | nmod:poss |
| 9 | delicious | delicious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 melodies | amod |
| 10 | melodies | melody | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 warbled | obj |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 cages | case |
| 12 | golden | golden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 cages | amod |
| 13 | cages | cage | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 warbled | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 sat | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 sat | cc |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 parrot | det |
| 17 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 parrot | amod |
| 18 | parrot | parrot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 sat | nsubj |
| 19 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 warbled | parataxis |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 perch | case |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 perch | nmod:poss |
| 22 | perch | perch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 sat | obl |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 pecked | cc |
| 24 | pecked | peck | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 sat | conj |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 28 bill | case |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 bill | nmod:poss |
| 27 | crooked | crooked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 bill | amod |
| 28 | bill | bill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 pecked | obl |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 wires | det |
| 30 | golden | golden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 wires | amod |
| 31 | wires | wire | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 bill | appos |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 cage | case |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 cage | nmod:poss |
| 34 | hated | hate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 cage | amod |
| 35 | cage | cage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 wires | nmod |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 warbled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | warble | past | rare birds | birds's delicious melodies | the lofty ceiling | in golden cages | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent melody=Theme | ||
| 2 | sit | past | a grey parrot | parrot's perch | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on perch=Location | ||||
| 3 | peck | participle | a grey parrot not said here | with parrot's crooked bill | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP PP»: agent=Agent with bill=Instrument | ||||
| 4 | hate | participle | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 5 | bill | parrot | nom bill «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/15/80/