Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 15, sentence 3
And as the tempest with hollow moans and wails sweeps over the tree-tops, so the aged stranger lifted up his voice, and preached to the assembly the Christian faith with ever-increasing enthusiasm.
Who acts: tempest, aged stranger, Christian faith · What happens: sweep, lift up, preach, increase · To what, where: tree tops, voice, Christian faith, assembly, enthusiasm
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tempest, aged stranger, Christian faith), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 sweeps | cc |
| 2 | as | as | ADP | _ | 4 tempest | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 tempest | det |
| 4 | tempest | tempest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 sweeps | nsubj |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 moans | case |
| 6 | hollow | hollow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 moans | amod |
| 7 | moans | moan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 tempest | nmod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 wails | cc |
| 9 | wails | wail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 moans | conj |
| 10 | sweeps | sweep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | over | over | ADP | _ | 15 tops | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 tops | det |
| 13 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 tops | compound |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 tree | punct |
| 15 | tops | top | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 sweeps | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 lifted | punct |
| 17 | so | so | ADV | _ | 21 lifted | advmod |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 stranger | det |
| 19 | aged | aged | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 stranger | amod |
| 20 | stranger | stranger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 lifted | nsubj |
| 21 | lifted | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 sweeps | parataxis |
| 22 | up | up | ADP | _ | 21 lifted | compound:prt |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 voice | nmod:poss |
| 24 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 lifted | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 preached | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 preached | cc |
| 27 | preached | preach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 lifted | conj |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 30 assembly | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 assembly | det |
| 30 | assembly | assembly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 preached | obl |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 faith | det |
| 32 | Christian | Christian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 faith | amod |
| 33 | faith | faith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 preached | obj |
| 34 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 37 increasing | mark |
| 35 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 37 increasing | advmod |
| 36 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 35 ever | punct |
| 37 | increasing | increase | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 33 faith | acl |
| 38 | enthusiasm | enthusiasm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 increasing | obj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 sweeps | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sweep | present | the tempest with hollow moans and wails | the tree tops | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over top=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | lift up | past | the aged stranger | stranger's voice | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Theme | ||||
| 3 | preach speech: other | participle | the aged stranger not said here | the Christian faith | the assembly | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent faith=Topic to assembly=Recipient | |||
| 4 | increase | gerund | the Christian faith not said here | enthusiasm | ever | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer enthusiasm=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/16/3/