Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 2, sentence 105
The rain beats against the windows of the convent as if it would force an entrance, flashes of lightning illuminate the night, and the thunder shakes the old building in its fury, as if it would uproot its very foundations.
Who acts: rain, flashes, thunder, lightning · What happens: beat, force, illuminate, shake, uproot, flash · To what, where: windows, entrance, old building, fury, foundations
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rain, flashes, thunder, lightning), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 rain | det |
| 2 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 beats | nsubj |
| 3 | beats | beat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | against | against | ADP | _ | 6 windows | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 windows | det |
| 6 | windows | window | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 beats | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 convent | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 convent | det |
| 9 | convent | convent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 windows | nmod |
| 10 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 14 force | mark |
| 11 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 14 force | mark |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 force | nsubj |
| 13 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 force | aux |
| 14 | force | force | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 illuminate | advcl |
| 15 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 entrance | det |
| 16 | entrance | entrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 force | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 force | punct |
| 18 | flashes | flash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 illuminate | nsubj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 lightning | case |
| 20 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 flashes | nmod |
| 21 | illuminate | illuminate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 beats | conj |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 night | det |
| 23 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 illuminate | obl:unmarked |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 shakes | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 shakes | cc |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 thunder | det |
| 27 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 shakes | nsubj |
| 28 | shakes | shake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 beats | parataxis |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 building | det |
| 30 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 building | amod |
| 31 | building | building | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 shakes | obj |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 fury | case |
| 33 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 fury | nmod:poss |
| 34 | fury | fury | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 building | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 uproot | punct |
| 36 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 40 uproot | mark |
| 37 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 40 uproot | mark |
| 38 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 uproot | nsubj |
| 39 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 40 uproot | aux |
| 40 | uproot | uproot | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 shakes | conj |
| 41 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 foundations | nmod:poss |
| 42 | very | very | ADV | _ | 43 foundations | advmod |
| 43 | foundations | foundation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 uproot | obj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 beats | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | beat | present | the rain | the windows of the convent | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against window=Location | ||||
| 2 | force | would | rain | a entrance | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent entrance=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | illuminate | infinitive | flashes of lightning | night | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | shake | present | the thunder | the old building | thunder's fury | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent building=Theme in fury=Trajectory | |||
| 5 | uproot a condition, not said to happen | would | rain | thunder's foundations | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foundation=Theme | ||||
| 6 | flash | lightning | nom flash «event intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 7 | infuriate | thunder | nom fury «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/19/105/