Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 2, sentence 3
She stood in the courtyard by her father's war-horse to take leave of him, promised to be good, which promise she fully intended to keep; the stern old soldier kissed her, sprang on his horse, brushed away a tear which defied all his iron firmness, stormed over the drawbridge, and never saw his fair child again.
Who acts: etiquette, stern old soldier, tear · What happens: stand, take, promise, be, intend, keep · To what, where: courtyard, leave, etiquette, tear, iron firmness, drawbridge · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (etiquette, stern old soldier, tear), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 stood | nsubj |
| 2 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 courtyard | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 courtyard | det |
| 5 | courtyard | courtyard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 stood | obl |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 horse | case |
| 7 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 father | nmod:poss |
| 8 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 horse | nmod:poss |
| 9 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 8 father | case |
| 10 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 horse | compound |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 war | punct |
| 12 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 stood | obl |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 take | mark |
| 14 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 stood | advcl |
| 15 | leave | leave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 take | obj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 him | case |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 leave | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 promised | punct |
| 19 | promised | promise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 stood | conj |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 good | mark |
| 21 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 22 good | cop |
| 22 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 promised | xcomp |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 promise | punct |
| 24 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 promise | nsubj |
| 25 | promise | promise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 good | parataxis |
| 26 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 intended | nsubj |
| 27 | fully | fully | ADV | _ | 28 intended | advmod |
| 28 | intended | intend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 promise | ccomp |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 keep | mark |
| 30 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 intended | xcomp |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 kissed | punct |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 soldier | det |
| 33 | stern | stern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 soldier | amod |
| 34 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 soldier | amod |
| 35 | soldier | soldier | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 kissed | nsubj |
| 36 | kissed | kiss | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 stood | parataxis |
| 37 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 kissed | obj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 sprang | punct |
| 39 | sprang | spring | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 36 kissed | advcl |
| 40 | on | on | ADP | _ | 42 horse | case |
| 41 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 horse | nmod:poss |
| 42 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 sprang | obl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 brushed | punct |
| 44 | brushed | brush | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 sprang | advcl |
| 45 | away | away | ADV | _ | 44 brushed | advmod |
| 46 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 47 tear | det |
| 47 | tear | tear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 brushed | obj |
| 48 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 49 defied | nsubj |
| 49 | defied | defy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 47 tear | acl:relcl |
| 50 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 53 firmness | det:predet |
| 51 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 53 firmness | nmod:poss |
| 52 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 firmness | compound |
| 53 | firmness | firmness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 defied | obj |
| 54 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 stormed | punct |
| 55 | stormed | storm | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 53 firmness | acl |
| 56 | over | over | ADP | _ | 58 drawbridge | case |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 drawbridge | det |
| 58 | drawbridge | drawbridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 stormed | obl |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 saw | punct |
| 60 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 62 saw | cc |
| 61 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 62 saw | advmod |
| 62 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 stood | parataxis |
| 63 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 65 child | nmod:poss |
| 64 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 65 child | amod |
| 65 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 saw | obj |
| 66 | again | again | ADV | _ | 62 saw | advmod |
| 67 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 stood | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | past | etiquette | the courtyard | by etiquette's father's war horse | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in courtyard=Location | |||
| 2 | take | to-infinitive | etiquette not said here | leave of horse | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leave=Theme | ||||
| 3 | promise speech: promise | past | etiquette not said here | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is not said to happen | to-infinitive | etiquette not said here | good property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | promise speech: promise | present | which nsubj | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | intend | past | etiquette | fully property | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 7 | keep not said to happen | to-infinitive | etiquette not said here | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | kiss | past | the stern old soldier | etiquette | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Co-Agent | ||||
| 9 | spring | gerund | the stern old soldier not said here | on soldier's horse | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on horse=Trajectory | ||||
| 10 | brush away | participle | the stern old soldier not said here | a tear | away property | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tear=Theme | |||
| 11 | defy | past | a tear | soldier's iron firmness | tree rules | ||||
| 12 | storm | participle | soldier's iron firmness not said here | the drawbridge | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» | ||||
| 13 | not see | past | soldier's fair child | again | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer child=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/19/3/