Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 1, sentence 93
A long and anxious stillness--then a horrible howl burst forth from the gulf, drowning the roar and hiss of the waterfall, growing every minute louder and more terrible, as if a thousand wolves were engaged in a death-grapple; and the waters rose in mighty billows, as if a storm-wind raged beneath.
Who acts: long stillness, waters, storm wind · What happens: burst, drown, grow, engage, rise, rage · To what, where: gulf, roar, thousand wolves, death grapple, mighty billows, waterfall
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (long stillness, waters, storm wind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 stillness | det |
| 2 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 stillness | amod |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 anxious | cc |
| 4 | anxious | anxious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 long | conj |
| 5 | stillness | stillness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 burst | nsubj |
| 6 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 11 burst | punct |
| 7 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 11 burst | advmod |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 howl | det |
| 9 | horrible | horrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 howl | amod |
| 10 | howl | howl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 burst | nsubj |
| 11 | burst | burst | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 11 burst | advmod |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 gulf | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 gulf | det |
| 15 | gulf | gulf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 burst | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 drowning | punct |
| 17 | drowning | drown | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 burst | advcl |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 roar | det |
| 19 | roar | roar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 drowning | obj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 hiss | cc |
| 21 | hiss | hiss | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 roar | conj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 waterfall | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 waterfall | det |
| 24 | waterfall | waterfall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 hiss | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 growing | punct |
| 26 | growing | grow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 drowning | conj |
| 27 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 28 minute | det |
| 28 | minute | minute | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 growing | obj |
| 29 | louder | loud | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 26 growing | xcomp |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 terrible | cc |
| 31 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 32 terrible | advmod |
| 32 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 louder | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 engaged | punct |
| 34 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 40 engaged | mark |
| 35 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 40 engaged | mark |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 thousand | det |
| 37 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 38 wolves | nummod |
| 38 | wolves | wolf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 engaged | nsubj:pass |
| 39 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 engaged | aux:pass |
| 40 | engaged | engage | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 louder | advcl |
| 41 | in | in | ADP | _ | 45 grapple | case |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 grapple | det |
| 43 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 grapple | compound |
| 44 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 43 death | punct |
| 45 | grapple | grapple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 engaged | obl |
| 46 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 50 rose | punct |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 rose | cc |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 waters | det |
| 49 | waters | water | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 rose | nsubj |
| 50 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 burst | conj |
| 51 | in | in | ADP | _ | 53 billows | case |
| 52 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 53 billows | amod |
| 53 | billows | billow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 rose | obl |
| 54 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 61 raged | punct |
| 55 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 61 raged | mark |
| 56 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 61 raged | mark |
| 57 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 60 wind | det |
| 58 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 wind | compound |
| 59 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 58 storm | punct |
| 60 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 raged | nsubj |
| 61 | raged | rage | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 50 rose | conj |
| 62 | beneath | beneath | ADV | _ | 61 raged | advmod |
| 63 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 burst | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | burst | past | a long stillness | the gulf | then | a horrible howl nsubj; forth property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||
| 2 | drown | gerund | a long stillness not said here | the roar and hiss of the waterfall | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent roar=Patient | ||||
| 3 | grow | gerund | a long stillness not said here | minute | loud property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 4 | engage | past · passive | thousand wolves | in a death grapple goal | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: subject=Theme in grapple=Goal | ||||
| 5 | rise | past | the waters | mighty billows | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in billow=Location | ||||
| 6 | rage a condition, not said to happen | participle | a storm wind | beneath property | vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | hiss | the waterfall | nom hiss «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/2/93/