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Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 4, sentence 41

He looked in vain for his companion, who must have already gone away, if the terror caused by the awful fate of his friend had not killed him.

Who acts: spark, companion, terror · What happens: look, go away, cause, not kill, fate · To what, where: vain, spark, friend

This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spark, companion, terror), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nsubjcaseoblcasenmod:possoblpunctnsubjauxauxadvmodacl:relcladvmodpunctmarkdetnsubjconjcasedetamodoblcasenmod:possnmodauxadvmodconjobjpunctrootHePRONlookedVERBinADPvainADJforADPhisPRONcompanionNOUN,PUNCTwhoPRONmustAUXhaveAUXalreadyADVgoneVERBawayADV,PUNCTifSCONJtheDETterrorNOUNcausedVERBbyADPtheDETawfulADJfateNOUNofADPhisPRONfriendNOUNhadAUXnotPARTkilledVERBhimPRON.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1HehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs2 lookednsubj
2lookedlookVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
3ininADP_4 vaincase
4vainvainADJDegree=Pos2 lookedobl
5forforADP_7 companioncase
6hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs7 companionnmod:poss
7companioncompanionNOUNNumber=Sing2 lookedobl
8,,PUNCT_13 gonepunct
9whowhoPRONPronType=Rel13 gonensubj
10mustmustAUXVerbForm=Fin13 goneaux
11havehaveAUXVerbForm=Inf13 goneaux
12alreadyalreadyADV_13 goneadvmod
13gonegoVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part7 companionacl:relcl
14awayawayADV_13 goneadvmod
15,,PUNCT_19 causedpunct
16ififSCONJ_19 causedmark
17thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art18 terrordet
18terrorterrorNOUNNumber=Sing19 causednsubj
19causedcauseVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part13 goneconj
20bybyADP_23 fatecase
21thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art23 fatedet
22awfulawfulADJDegree=Pos23 fateamod
23fatefateNOUNNumber=Sing29 killedobl
24ofofADP_26 friendcase
25hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs26 friendnmod:poss
26friendfriendNOUNNumber=Sing23 fatenmod
27hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin29 killedaux
28notnotPARTPolarity=Neg29 killedadvmod
29killedkillVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part19 causedconj
30himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs29 killedobj
31..PUNCT_2 lookedpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1lookpastsparkvainfor spark's companionvn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent in vain=Location for companion=Theme
2go awaymust · perfectspark's companionaway propertyvn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3cause a condition, not said to happenparticiplethe terrorvn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition
4not killpast · perfectthe terror not said heresparkby the awful fate of spark's friendvn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme
5fatespark's friendnom fate «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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