Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 4, sentence 56
The apprentice could not keep his secret, and with a countenance shining with joy told his master that he had already cast another bell, which was perfect, and of the sweetest tone.
Who acts: apprentice, countenance, Stolberg, bell · What happens: not keep, shine, tell, cast, be · To what, where: secret, master, bell · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (apprentice, countenance, Stolberg, bell), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 apprentice | det |
| 2 | apprentice | apprentice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 keep | nsubj |
| 3 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 keep | aux |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 keep | advmod |
| 5 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 secret | nmod:poss |
| 7 | secret | secret | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 keep | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 told | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 told | cc |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 countenance | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 countenance | det |
| 12 | countenance | countenance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 told | obl |
| 13 | shining | shine | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 countenance | acl |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 joy | case |
| 15 | joy | joy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 shining | obl |
| 16 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 keep | parataxis |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 master | nmod:poss |
| 18 | master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 told | obj |
| 19 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 cast | mark |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 cast | nsubj |
| 21 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 cast | aux |
| 22 | already | already | ADV | _ | 23 cast | advmod |
| 23 | cast | cast | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 told | ccomp |
| 24 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 25 bell | det |
| 25 | bell | bell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 cast | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 perfect | punct |
| 27 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 perfect | nsubj |
| 28 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 perfect | cop |
| 29 | perfect | perfect | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 bell | acl:relcl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 tone | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 tone | cc |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 tone | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 tone | det |
| 34 | sweetest | sweet | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 35 tone | amod |
| 35 | tone | tone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 keep | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 keep | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not keep | could | the apprentice | Stolberg's secret | of the sweetest tone | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent secret=Theme | |||
| 2 | shine | gerund | a countenance not said here | with joy | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with joy=Theme | ||||
| 3 | tell speech: assert | past | Stolberg's master | with a countenance | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent master=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | cast | past · perfect | Stolberg | another bell | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bell=Product | ||||
| 5 | is | past | another bell | perfect property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/21/56/