Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 5, sentence 52
The ground thundered beneath the horse-hoofs, and the mountains rang with the wild "hallohs!" of the riders, the cracking of whips, and the clashing of weapons.
Who acts: ground, mountains, whips · What happens: thunder, ring, crack · To what, where: horse hoofs, clashing
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ground, mountains, whips), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 ground | det |
| 2 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 thundered | nsubj |
| 3 | thundered | thunder | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 8 hoofs | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 hoofs | det |
| 6 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 hoofs | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 horse | punct |
| 8 | hoofs | hoof | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 thundered | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 rang | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 rang | cc |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 mountains | det |
| 12 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 rang | nsubj |
| 13 | rang | ring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 thundered | conj |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 wild | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 wild | det |
| 16 | wild | wild | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 rang | obl |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 hallohs | punct |
| 18 | hallohs | halloh | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 wild | appos |
| 19 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 18 hallohs | punct |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 hallohs | punct |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 riders | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 riders | det |
| 23 | riders | rider | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 hallohs | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 cracking | punct |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 cracking | det |
| 26 | cracking | cracking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 riders | conj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 whips | case |
| 28 | whips | whip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 cracking | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 clashing | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 clashing | cc |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 clashing | det |
| 32 | clashing | clashing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 rang | obl |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 weapons | case |
| 34 | weapons | weapon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 clashing | nmod |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 thundered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | thunder | past | the ground | the horse hoofs | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beneath hoof=Location | ||||
| 2 | ring | past | the mountains | the clashing of weapons | with the wild | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with wild=Theme | |||
| 3 | crack | whips | nom cracking «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/22/52/