Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 5, sentence 83
Only the lonely wanderer hears in the stillness of the night a gloomy noise like distant merriment and shouting, mingled with smothered groans and a horrible dirge.
Who acts: lonely wanderer · What happens: hear, shout, mingle, smother · To what, where: stillness
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lonely wanderer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Only | only | ADV | _ | 5 hears | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 wanderer | det |
| 3 | lonely | lonely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 wanderer | amod |
| 4 | wanderer | wanderer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hears | nsubj |
| 5 | hears | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 stillness | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 stillness | det |
| 8 | stillness | stillness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hears | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 night | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 night | det |
| 11 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 stillness | nmod |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 noise | det |
| 13 | gloomy | gloomy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 noise | amod |
| 14 | noise | noise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 stillness | conj |
| 15 | like | like | ADP | _ | 17 merriment | case |
| 16 | distant | distant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 merriment | amod |
| 17 | merriment | merriment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 noise | nmod |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 shouting | cc |
| 19 | shouting | shout | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 noise | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 mingled | punct |
| 21 | mingled | mingle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 shouting | conj |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 groans | case |
| 23 | smothered | smother | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 groans | amod |
| 24 | groans | groan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 mingled | obl |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 dirge | cc |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 dirge | det |
| 27 | horrible | horrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 dirge | amod |
| 28 | dirge | dirge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 groans | conj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 hears | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | present | the lonely wanderer | the stillness of the night and a gloomy noise like distant merriment | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | shout speech: express | gerund | the lonely wanderer not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | mingle | participle | the lonely wanderer not said here | with smothered groans and a horrible dirge | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with groan=Co-Patient | ||||
| 4 | smother | participle | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/22/83/