Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 6, sentence 22
The next morning the two guilty dwarfs were examined, who related that they, governed by a king, had dwelt for untold ages in the caves of the Harz, more especially in the Sachsenstein, and had been happy; but now subterranean floods and landslips had caused them heavy losses, so that they had been compelled to appropriate the possessions of men for their necessities.
Who acts: next morning, king · What happens: examine, relate, govern, dwell, be, cause · To what, where: two guilty dwarfs, dwarfs, caves, subterranean floods, possessions, men
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (next morning, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 morning | det |
| 2 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 morning | amod |
| 3 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 related | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 dwarfs | det |
| 5 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 dwarfs | nummod |
| 6 | guilty | guilty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 dwarfs | amod |
| 7 | dwarfs | dwarf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 examined | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 examined | aux:pass |
| 9 | examined | examine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 morning | acl:relcl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 related | punct |
| 11 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 related | nsubj |
| 12 | related | relate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 governed | mark |
| 14 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 governed | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 governed | punct |
| 16 | governed | govern | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 related | ccomp |
| 17 | by | by | ADP | _ | 19 king | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 king | det |
| 19 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 governed | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 dwelt | punct |
| 21 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 dwelt | aux |
| 22 | dwelt | dwell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 related | conj |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 25 ages | case |
| 24 | untold | untold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 ages | amod |
| 25 | ages | age | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 dwelt | obl |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 caves | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 caves | det |
| 28 | caves | cave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 dwelt | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 Harz | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Harz | det |
| 31 | Harz | Harz | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 caves | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 Sachsenstein | punct |
| 33 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 34 especially | advmod |
| 34 | especially | especially | ADV | _ | 37 Sachsenstein | advmod |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 Sachsenstein | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 Sachsenstein | det |
| 37 | Sachsenstein | Sachsenstein | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 dwelt | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 happy | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 happy | cc |
| 40 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 happy | aux |
| 41 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 42 happy | cop |
| 42 | happy | happy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 dwelt | parataxis |
| 43 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 51 caused | punct |
| 44 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 51 caused | cc |
| 45 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 46 subterranean | advmod |
| 46 | subterranean | subterranean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 floods | amod |
| 47 | floods | flood | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 caused | nsubj:pass |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 landslips | cc |
| 49 | landslips | landslip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 floods | conj |
| 50 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 51 caused | aux |
| 51 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 related | parataxis |
| 52 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 51 caused | obj |
| 53 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 losses | amod |
| 54 | losses | loss | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 caused | obj |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 61 compelled | punct |
| 56 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 61 compelled | mark |
| 57 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 56 so | fixed |
| 58 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 61 compelled | nsubj |
| 59 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 61 compelled | aux |
| 60 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 61 compelled | aux:pass |
| 61 | compelled | compel | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 51 caused | conj |
| 62 | to | to | PART | _ | 63 appropriate | mark |
| 63 | appropriate | appropriate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 61 compelled | xcomp |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 65 possessions | det |
| 65 | possessions | possession | NOUN | Number=Plur | 63 appropriate | obj |
| 66 | of | of | ADP | _ | 67 men | case |
| 67 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 65 possessions | nmod |
| 68 | for | for | ADP | _ | 70 necessities | case |
| 69 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 70 necessities | nmod:poss |
| 70 | necessities | necessity | NOUN | Number=Plur | 63 appropriate | obl |
| 71 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 related | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | examine | past · passive | the next morning not said here | the two guilty dwarfs | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | relate | past | morning | who nsubj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | govern | participle · passive | a king | dwarfs = dwarf | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | dwell | past · perfect | the caves of the Harz | for untold ages | in the Sachsenstein | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cave=Location | |||
| 5 | is | past · perfect | happy property | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | cause | past · perfect · passive | subterranean floods and landslips | dwarfs = dwarf obj; heavy losses obj | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | compel | past · perfect · passive | dwarfs = dwarf | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result | |||||
| 8 | appropriate | to-infinitive | the possessions of men | for dwarfs's necessities | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent possession=Theme | ||||
| 9 | possess | men | nom possession «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/23/22/