Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 6, sentence 32
The features of the little creatures grew cheerful as they heard that their odd letter had been posted as directed, and they became merry and contented, although the day passed without anything happening for their release.
Who acts: features, day · What happens: grow, hear, post, direct, become, content · To what, where: odd letter, little creatures · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (features, day), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 features | det |
| 2 | features | feature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 grew | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 creatures | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 creatures | det |
| 5 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 creatures | amod |
| 6 | creatures | creature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 features | nmod |
| 7 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | cheerful | cheerful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 grew | xcomp |
| 9 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 11 heard | mark |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 heard | nsubj |
| 11 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 grew | advcl |
| 12 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 18 posted | mark |
| 13 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 letter | nmod:poss |
| 14 | odd | odd | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 letter | amod |
| 15 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 posted | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 posted | aux |
| 17 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 18 posted | aux:pass |
| 18 | posted | post | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 heard | ccomp |
| 19 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 20 directed | mark |
| 20 | directed | direct | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 posted | xcomp |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 became | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 became | cc |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 became | nsubj |
| 24 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 grew | parataxis |
| 25 | merry | merry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 became | xcomp |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 contented | cc |
| 27 | contented | content | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 merry | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 passed | punct |
| 29 | although | although | SCONJ | _ | 32 passed | mark |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 day | det |
| 31 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 passed | nsubj |
| 32 | passed | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 became | conj |
| 33 | without | without | ADP | _ | 34 anything | case |
| 34 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 32 passed | obl |
| 35 | happening | happen | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 anything | acl |
| 36 | for | for | ADP | _ | 38 release | case |
| 37 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 release | nmod:poss |
| 38 | release | release | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 happening | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 grew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | past | the features of the little creatures | cheerful property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hear | past | features = feature | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | post | past · perfect · passive | features's odd letter | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | direct | participle | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | become | past | features = feature | merry property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 6 | content | participle | features = feature not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 7 | pass | past | the day | without anything | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | happen | gerund | for features's release | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 9 | feature | the little creatures | nom feature «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 10 | letter | features = feature | nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/23/32/