Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 8, sentence 41
The Hibichenstein, near Grand, consists of two colossal limestone cliffs leaning against each other, which are said to have been formed in the distant days when giants lived in the Hercynia Sylva,[1] from a pebble which a giant threw out of his shoe.
Who acts: Hibichenstein, two colossal limestone cliffs, giants, giant · What happens: consist, lean, say, form, live, throw · To what, where: each, two colossal limestone cliffs, Hercynia Sylva, pebble, shoe · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hibichenstein, two colossal limestone cliffs, giants, giant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Hibichenstein | det |
| 2 | Hibichenstein | Hibichenstein | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 consists | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 Grand | punct |
| 4 | near | near | ADP | _ | 5 Grand | case |
| 5 | Grand | Grand | PROPN | _ | 2 Hibichenstein | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Hibichenstein | punct |
| 7 | consists | consist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 cliffs | case |
| 9 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 cliffs | nummod |
| 10 | colossal | colossal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 cliffs | amod |
| 11 | limestone | limestone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 cliffs | compound |
| 12 | cliffs | cliff | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 consists | obl |
| 13 | leaning | lean | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 cliffs | acl |
| 14 | against | against | ADP | _ | 15 each | case |
| 15 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 13 leaning | obl |
| 16 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 each | fixed |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 said | punct |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 said | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 said | aux:pass |
| 20 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 cliffs | conj |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 formed | mark |
| 22 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 24 formed | aux |
| 23 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 24 formed | aux:pass |
| 24 | formed | form | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 said | advcl |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 days | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 days | det |
| 27 | distant | distant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 days | amod |
| 28 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 formed | obl |
| 29 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 31 lived | advmod |
| 30 | giants | giant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 lived | nsubj |
| 31 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 formed | advcl |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 Sylva | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 Sylva | det |
| 34 | Hercynia | Hercynia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 Sylva | compound |
| 35 | Sylva | Sylva | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 lived | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 pebble | punct |
| 37 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 38 1 | punct |
| 38 | 1 | 1 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 42 pebble | discourse |
| 39 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 38 1 | punct |
| 40 | from | from | ADP | _ | 42 pebble | case |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 pebble | det |
| 42 | pebble | pebble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 Sylva | appos |
| 43 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 46 threw | obj |
| 44 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 giant | det |
| 45 | giant | giant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 threw | nsubj |
| 46 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 pebble | acl:relcl |
| 47 | out | out | ADP | _ | 50 shoe | case |
| 48 | of | of | ADP | _ | 50 shoe | case |
| 49 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 50 shoe | nmod:poss |
| 50 | shoe | shoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 threw | obl |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 consists | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | consist | present | the Hibichenstein and Grand | of two colossal limestone cliffs | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | lean | gerund | two colossal limestone cliffs not said here | each | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent against each=Location | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | present · passive | two colossal limestone cliffs | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 4 | form | to-infinitive · perfect · passive | day | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V» | |||||
| 5 | live | past | giants | the Hercynia Sylva | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sylva=Location | ||||
| 6 | throw | past | a giant | a pebble | Grand's shoe | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent which=Theme out shoe=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/25/41/