Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 8, sentence 63
The other said that was nothing, he would do it; but his friend endeavoured to dissuade him from his purpose, saying no one who had climbed up could ever get down again, but was always found the next day broken to pieces at the base.
Who acts: other, that, son, friend, one · What happens: say, be, do, endeavour, dissuade, climb up · To what, where: nothing, person, son, purpose, next day, base · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (other, that, son, friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 other | det |
| 2 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 nothing | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 nothing | cop |
| 6 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 3 said | ccomp |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 do | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 do | nsubj |
| 9 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 do | aux |
| 10 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 nothing | acl:relcl |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 do | obj |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 endeavoured | punct |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 endeavoured | cc |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 friend | nmod:poss |
| 15 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 endeavoured | nsubj |
| 16 | endeavoured | endeavour | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | conj |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 dissuade | mark |
| 18 | dissuade | dissuade | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 endeavoured | xcomp |
| 19 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 dissuade | obj |
| 20 | from | from | ADP | _ | 22 purpose | case |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 purpose | nmod:poss |
| 22 | purpose | purpose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 dissuade | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 saying | punct |
| 24 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 endeavoured | advcl |
| 25 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 26 one | det |
| 26 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 get | nsubj |
| 27 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 climbed | nsubj |
| 28 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 climbed | aux |
| 29 | climbed | climb | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 26 one | acl:relcl |
| 30 | up | up | ADP | _ | 29 climbed | compound:prt |
| 31 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 33 get | aux |
| 32 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 33 get | advmod |
| 33 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 saying | ccomp |
| 34 | down | down | ADV | _ | 33 get | advmod |
| 35 | again | again | ADV | _ | 33 get | advmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 found | punct |
| 37 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 40 found | cc |
| 38 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 found | aux:pass |
| 39 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 40 found | advmod |
| 40 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 said | conj |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 day | det |
| 42 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 day | amod |
| 43 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 found | obl:unmarked |
| 44 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 43 day | acl |
| 45 | to | to | ADP | _ | 46 pieces | case |
| 46 | pieces | piece | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 broken | obl |
| 47 | at | at | ADP | _ | 49 base | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 base | det |
| 49 | base | base | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 broken | obl |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the other | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is a | past | that | nothing | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | do | would | son | person | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | endeavour | past | son's friend | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | dissuade | to-infinitive | son's friend not said here | son | son's purpose | vn discourage-64.5 «NP V NP PP.eventuality»: agent=Causer he=Beneficiary from purpose=Eventuality | |||
| 6 | say speech: assert | gerund | son's friend not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | climb up | past · perfect | no one | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 8 | get down | could | no one | ever; again | down property | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient | |||
| 9 | find | past · passive | the other not said here | day | always property | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF» | |||
| 10 | break | participle | the next day not said here | the base | to pieces | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at base=Location | |||
| 11 | purpose | son | nom purpose «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/25/63/