Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 8, sentence 92
It was early dawn, and he shivered, exclaiming, "How cold it is!"
Who acts: bed, son · What happens: be, shiver, exclaim · To what, where: early dawn · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bed, son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 dawn | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 dawn | cop |
| 3 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 dawn | amod |
| 4 | dawn | dawn | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 shivered | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 shivered | cc |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 shivered | nsubj |
| 8 | shivered | shiver | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 dawn | acl:relcl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 exclaiming | punct |
| 10 | exclaiming | exclaim | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 shivered | advcl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 cold | punct |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 cold | punct |
| 13 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 14 cold | advmod |
| 14 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 exclaiming | ccomp |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 cold | nsubj |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 cold | cop |
| 17 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 4 dawn | punct |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 dawn | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | bed | early dawn | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | shiver | past | son | early dawn not said here | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | exclaim speech: express | gerund | son not said here | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | bed | cold property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/25/92/