Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 2, sentence 31
It existed during the stone and bronze age, as has been proved by the discovery of warlike implements which have been dug up in the neighbourhood.
Who acts: town, discovery · What happens: exist, prove, dig up, discover · To what, where: warlike implements, neighbourhood
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (town, discovery), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 existed | nsubj |
| 2 | existed | exist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | during | during | ADP | _ | 5 stone | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 stone | det |
| 5 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 existed | obl |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 age | cc |
| 7 | bronze | bronze | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 age | amod |
| 8 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 stone | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 proved | punct |
| 10 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 13 proved | mark |
| 11 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 proved | aux |
| 12 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 proved | aux:pass |
| 13 | proved | prove | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 existed | conj |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 discovery | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 discovery | det |
| 16 | discovery | discovery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 proved | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 implements | case |
| 18 | warlike | warlike | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 implements | amod |
| 19 | implements | implement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 discovery | nmod |
| 20 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 dug | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 dug | aux |
| 22 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 23 dug | aux:pass |
| 23 | dug | dig | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 implements | acl:relcl |
| 24 | up | up | ADP | _ | 23 dug | compound:prt |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 neighbourhood | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 neighbourhood | det |
| 27 | neighbourhood | neighbourhood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 dug | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 existed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | exist | past | town | during the stone and bronze age | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | prove | present · perfect · passive | the discovery of warlike implements | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | dig up | present · perfect · passive | warlike implements | the neighbourhood | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in neighbourhood=Location | ||||
| 4 | discover | warlike implements | nom discovery «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/3/31/