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Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 4, sentence 25

Nearest related to the frog stands the Labyrinthodonten, whose hand-like foot-tracks have been found in the sandstone, and which is decidedly the transition between these animals and the higher species of the ape; and from the ape, during impossible-to-comprehend ages, man has sprung, at first rough and animal, as we see to-day in savage races, from step to step unfolding and rising, till we have the Mensch of our present civilization and refinement."

Who acts: Labyrinthodonten, man, we · What happens: stand, find, be, comprehend, spring, see · To what, where: Labyrinthodonten, ape, like foot tracks, sandstone, transition, ages

This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Labyrinthodonten, man, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

amodadvclcasedetobldetobjpunctnmod:posscompoundpunctamodcompoundpunctnsubj:passauxaux:passacl:relclcasedetoblpunctccnsubjcopadvmoddetapposcasedetnmodccdetamodconjcasedetnmodpunctcccasedetoblpunctcaseamodpunctcasepunctparataxisobjpunctnsubjauxconjpunctcaseadvmodparataxisccconjpunctmarknsubjparataxiscasepunctoblcaseamodoblpunctcaseconjmarkaclobjccconjpunctmarknsubjconjdetobjcasenmod:possamodnmodccconjpunctpunctrootNearestADJrelatedADJtoADPtheDETfrogNOUNstandsVERBtheDETLabyrinthodontenPROPN,PUNCTwhosePRONhandNOUN-PUNCTlikeADJfootNOUN-PUNCTtracksNOUNhaveAUXbeenAUXfoundVERBinADPtheDETsandstoneNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJwhichPRONisAUXdecidedlyADVtheDETtransitionNOUNbetweenADPtheseDETanimalsNOUNandCCONJtheDEThigherADJspeciesNOUNofADPtheDETapeNOUN;PUNCTandCCONJfromADPtheDETapeNOUN,PUNCTduringADPimpossibleADJ-PUNCTtoADP-PUNCTcomprehendVERBagesNOUN,PUNCTmanNOUNhasAUXsprungVERB,PUNCTatADPfirstADVroughADJandCCONJanimalNOUN,PUNCTasSCONJwePRONseeVERBtoADP-PUNCTdayNOUNinADPsavageADJracesNOUN,PUNCTfromADPstepNOUNtoPARTstepVERBunfoldingNOUNandCCONJrisingVERB,PUNCTtillSCONJwePRONhaveVERBtheDETMenschPROPNofADPourPRONpresentADJcivilizationNOUNandCCONJrefinementNOUN.PUNCT"PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1NearestnearADJDegree=Sup2 relatedamod
2relatedrelatedADJDegree=Pos6 standsadvcl
3totoADP_5 frogcase
4thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art5 frogdet
5frogfrogNOUNNumber=Sing6 standsobl
6standsstandVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
7thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art8 Labyrinthodontendet
8LabyrinthodontenLabyrinthodontenPROPNNumber=Sing6 standsobj
9,,PUNCT_19 foundpunct
10whosewhosePRONPoss=Yes PronType=Rel16 tracksnmod:poss
11handhandNOUNNumber=Sing13 likecompound
12--PUNCT_11 handpunct
13likelikeADJDegree=Pos16 tracksamod
14footfootNOUNNumber=Sing16 trackscompound
15--PUNCT_14 footpunct
16trackstrackNOUNNumber=Plur19 foundnsubj:pass
17havehaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin19 foundaux
18beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part19 foundaux:pass
19foundfindVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass8 Labyrinthodontenacl:relcl
20ininADP_22 sandstonecase
21thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art22 sandstonedet
22sandstonesandstoneNOUNNumber=Sing19 foundobl
23,,PUNCT_29 transitionpunct
24andandCCONJ_29 transitioncc
25whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel29 transitionnsubj
26isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin29 transitioncop
27decidedlydecidedlyADV_29 transitionadvmod
28thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art29 transitiondet
29transitiontransitionNOUNNumber=Sing8 Labyrinthodontenappos
30betweenbetweenADP_32 animalscase
31thesethisDETNumber=Plur PronType=Dem32 animalsdet
32animalsanimalNOUNNumber=Plur29 transitionnmod
33andandCCONJ_36 speciescc
34thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art36 speciesdet
35higherhighADJDegree=Cmp36 speciesamod
36speciesspeciesNOUNNumber=Plur32 animalsconj
37ofofADP_39 apecase
38thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art39 apedet
39apeapeNOUNNumber=Sing36 speciesnmod
40;;PUNCT_44 apepunct
41andandCCONJ_44 apecc
42fromfromADP_44 apecase
43thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art44 apedet
44apeapeNOUNNumber=Sing6 standsobl
45,,PUNCT_47 impossiblepunct
46duringduringADP_47 impossiblecase
47impossibleimpossibleADJDegree=Pos44 apeamod
48--PUNCT_51 comprehendpunct
49totoADP_51 comprehendcase
50--PUNCT_49 topunct
51comprehendcomprehendVERBVerbForm=Inf47 impossibleparataxis
52agesageNOUNNumber=Plur51 comprehendobj
53,,PUNCT_56 sprungpunct
54manmanNOUNNumber=Sing56 sprungnsubj
55hashaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin56 sprungaux
56sprungspringVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass51 comprehendconj
57,,PUNCT_60 roughpunct
58atatADP_60 roughcase
59firstfirstADVNumForm=Word NumType=Ord60 roughadvmod
60roughroughADJDegree=Pos56 sprungparataxis
61andandCCONJ_62 animalcc
62animalanimalNOUNNumber=Sing60 roughconj
63,,PUNCT_66 seepunct
64asasSCONJ_66 seemark
65wewePRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs66 seensubj
66seeseeVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin56 sprungparataxis
67totoADP_69 daycase
68--PUNCT_67 topunct
69daydayNOUNNumber=Sing66 seeobl
70ininADP_72 racescase
71savagesavageADJDegree=Pos72 racesamod
72racesraceNOUNNumber=Plur66 seeobl
73,,PUNCT_75 steppunct
74fromfromADP_75 stepcase
75stepstepNOUNNumber=Sing72 racesconj
76totoPART_77 stepmark
77stepstepVERBVerbForm=Inf75 stepacl
78unfoldingunfoldingNOUNNumber=Sing77 stepobj
79andandCCONJ_80 risingcc
80risingriseVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part78 unfoldingconj
81,,PUNCT_84 havepunct
82tilltillSCONJ_84 havemark
83wewePRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs84 havensubj
84havehaveVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin66 seeconj
85thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art86 Menschdet
86MenschMenschPROPNNumber=Sing84 haveobj
87ofofADP_90 civilizationcase
88ourourPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs90 civilizationnmod:poss
89presentpresentADJDegree=Pos90 civilizationamod
90civilizationcivilizationNOUNNumber=Sing86 Menschnmod
91andandCCONJ_92 refinementcc
92refinementrefinementNOUNNumber=Sing90 civilizationconj
93..PUNCT_47 impossiblepunct
94""PUNCT_44 apepunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1standpresentthe Labyrinthodontenthe apeto the frogvn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer labyrinthodonten=Stimulus
2findpresent · perfect · passivelike foot tracksthe sandstonevn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
3is apresentthe Labyrinthodontenthe transitionbetween this animals and the higher species of the ape; decidedly propertytree rules
4comprehendinfinitiveagesvn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer age=Stimulus
5springpresent · perfectmanvn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6seepresentwesavage races and stepdayvn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
7stepto-infinitivewe not said hereunfoldingvn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location unfolding=Theme
8risegerundwe not said herevn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
9havepresentwethe Mensch of our present civilization and refinementvn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mensch=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/5/25/