Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 7, sentence 11
Let us enter the cave, which has two openings, one to the south-east, the other to the south-west; it is of considerable height and breadth, resembling a subterranean chapel, formed of cross-arches, and provided with niches.
Who acts: you, us, cave, spot, considerable height · What happens: let, enter, have, be, resemble, form · To what, where: us, cave, two openings, subterranean chapel
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, us, cave, spot), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Let | let | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 1 Let | obj |
| 3 | enter | enter | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Let | xcomp |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 cave | det |
| 5 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 enter | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 has | punct |
| 7 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 has | nsubj |
| 8 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 cave | acl:relcl |
| 9 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 openings | nummod |
| 10 | openings | opening | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 has | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 one | punct |
| 12 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 openings | appos |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 east | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 east | det |
| 15 | south | south | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 east | compound |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 south | punct |
| 17 | east | east | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 one | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 other | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 other | det |
| 20 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 openings | parataxis |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 west | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 west | det |
| 23 | south | south | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 west | compound |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 23 south | punct |
| 25 | west | west | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 other | obl |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 height | punct |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 height | nsubj |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 height | cop |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 height | case |
| 30 | considerable | considerable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 height | amod |
| 31 | height | height | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Let | obl |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 breadth | cc |
| 33 | breadth | breadth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 height | conj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 resembling | punct |
| 35 | resembling | resemble | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 31 height | acl |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 chapel | det |
| 37 | subterranean | subterranean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 chapel | amod |
| 38 | chapel | chapel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 resembling | obj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 formed | punct |
| 40 | formed | form | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 chapel | acl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 cross-arches | case |
| 42 | cross-arches | cross-arch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 formed | obl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 provided | punct |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 provided | cc |
| 45 | provided | provide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Let | parataxis |
| 46 | with | with | ADP | _ | 47 niches | case |
| 47 | niches | niche | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 provided | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Let | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | let | imperative | you not said here | us | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | enter | infinitive | us not said here | the cave | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cave=Destination | ||||
| 3 | have | present | the cave | two openings | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opening=Patient | ||||
| 4 | is | present | spot | of considerable height and breadth; breadth conj | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | resemble | gerund | considerable height and breadth not said here | a subterranean chapel | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | form | participle | a subterranean chapel not said here | of cross-arches | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | provide | participle | with niches | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-2 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent with niche=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/8/11/