Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 7, sentence 140
The horns are heard, and Volkmar rises hastily from his knees and cries, "Quick, in the cave, Reinhilde, that no one see thee; the way leads close by the Virgin's shrine."
Who acts: Volkmar, one, way · What happens: hear, rise, cry, see, lead · To what, where: horns, knees, Quick, thee · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Volkmar, one, way), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 horns | det |
| 2 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 heard | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 heard | aux:pass |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 rises | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 rises | cc |
| 7 | Volkmar | Volkmar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 rises | nsubj |
| 8 | rises | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 heard | parataxis |
| 9 | hastily | hastily | ADV | _ | 8 rises | advmod |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 knees | case |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 knees | nmod:poss |
| 12 | knees | knee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 rises | obl |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 cries | cc |
| 14 | cries | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 rises | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 Quick | punct |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 Quick | punct |
| 17 | Quick | Quick | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 cries | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 cave | punct |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 cave | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 cave | det |
| 21 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 cries | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 Reinhilde | punct |
| 23 | Reinhilde | Reinhilde | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 cave | appos |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 see | punct |
| 25 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 28 see | mark |
| 26 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 27 one | det |
| 27 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 see | nsubj |
| 28 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 cries | advcl |
| 29 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 28 see | obj |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 leads | punct |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 way | det |
| 32 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 leads | nsubj |
| 33 | leads | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 heard | conj |
| 34 | close | close | ADV | Degree=Pos | 33 leads | advmod |
| 35 | by | by | ADP | _ | 39 shrine | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 Virgin | det |
| 37 | Virgin | Virgin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 shrine | nmod:poss |
| 38 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 37 Virgin | case |
| 39 | shrine | shrine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 leads | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
| 41 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | present · passive | the horns | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | rise | present | Volkmar | Volkmar's knees | hastily property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from knee=Initial_Location | |||
| 3 | cry speech: express | present | Volkmar not said here | Quick | the cave conj | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quick=Topic | |||
| 4 | see in a quote | infinitive | no one | thee | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thou=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | lead in a quote | present | the way | by the Virgin's shrine; close property | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by shrine=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/8/140/