Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 8, sentence 14
On three sides the mountain rises steep from the Bode, being scarcely approachable save from the south side; and in wild confusion lie scattered over the mountain sides shapeless heaps of fallen stones, the sole ruins of the once stately castle; of walls and vaulted chambers no trace remains.
Who acts: mountain, trace · What happens: rise, be, lie, fall, vault, remain · To what, where: three sides, scarcely approachable save, south side, scattered shapeless heaps, wild confusion, chambers
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mountain, trace), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 3 sides | case |
| 2 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 sides | nummod |
| 3 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 rises | obl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 mountain | det |
| 5 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 rises | nsubj |
| 6 | rises | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | steep | steep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 rises | xcomp |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 Bode | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Bode | det |
| 10 | Bode | Bode | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 steep | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 save | punct |
| 12 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 save | cop |
| 13 | scarcely | scarcely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 save | amod |
| 14 | approachable | approachable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 save | amod |
| 15 | save | save | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 Bode | appos |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 19 side | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 side | det |
| 18 | south | South | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 side | amod |
| 19 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 save | nmod |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 lie | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 lie | cc |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 confusion | case |
| 23 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 confusion | amod |
| 24 | confusion | confusion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 lie | obl |
| 25 | lie | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 rises | advcl |
| 26 | scattered | scatter | ADJ | _ | 32 heaps | amod |
| 27 | over | over | ADP | _ | 30 sides | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 sides | det |
| 29 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 sides | compound |
| 30 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 scattered | obl |
| 31 | shapeless | shapeless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 heaps | amod |
| 32 | heaps | heap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 lie | obl |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 stones | case |
| 34 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 stones | amod |
| 35 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 heaps | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 ruins | punct |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 ruins | det |
| 38 | sole | sole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 ruins | amod |
| 39 | ruins | ruin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 heaps | conj |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 castle | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 castle | det |
| 42 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 43 stately | advmod |
| 43 | stately | stately | ADV | _ | 44 castle | advmod |
| 44 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 ruins | nmod |
| 45 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 47 walls | punct |
| 46 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 walls | case |
| 47 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 lie | obl |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 vaulted | cc |
| 49 | vaulted | vault | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 lie | conj |
| 50 | chambers | chamber | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 vaulted | obj |
| 51 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 52 trace | det |
| 52 | trace | trace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 remains | nsubj |
| 53 | remains | remain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 49 vaulted | ccomp |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 rises | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rise | present | the mountain | three sides | steep property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on side=Location | |||
| 2 | is a | gerund | scarcely approachable save | the south side | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | lie | present | the mountain not said here | scattered shapeless heaps of fallen stones and the sole ruins of the castle | wild confusion | of walls | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in confusion=Location | ||
| 4 | fall | participle | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | vault | past | the mountain not said here | chambers | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | remain | present | no trace | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | ruin | the castle | nom ruin «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/9/14/