Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 8, sentence 18
Once a herdsman stood, on St. John's Day, on the narrow path leading to the then not entirely fallen walls, and dreamed of the days of the past, of the Burg and its knights, dames, and maidens, and the treasures that were said to lie concealed under the ruins.
Who acts: herdsman, narrow path · What happens: stand, lead, not fall, dream, say, lie · To what, where: narrow path, treasures, ruins · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (herdsman, narrow path), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Once | once | SCONJ | _ | 4 stood | mark |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 herdsman | det |
| 3 | herdsman | herdsman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stood | nsubj |
| 4 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Day | punct |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 Day | case |
| 7 | St. | St. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 John | nmod:desc |
| 8 | John | John | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Day | nmod:poss |
| 9 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 8 John | case |
| 10 | Day | Day | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 stood | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 path | punct |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 path | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 path | det |
| 14 | narrow | narrow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 path | amod |
| 15 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stood | obl |
| 16 | leading | lead | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 path | acl |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 walls | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 walls | det |
| 19 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 22 fallen | advmod |
| 20 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 fallen | advmod |
| 21 | entirely | entirely | ADV | _ | 22 fallen | advmod |
| 22 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 walls | amod |
| 23 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 leading | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 dreamed | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 dreamed | cc |
| 26 | dreamed | dream | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 stood | conj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 days | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 days | det |
| 29 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 dreamed | obl |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 past | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 past | det |
| 32 | past | past | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 days | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 Burg | punct |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 Burg | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 Burg | det |
| 36 | Burg | Burg | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 dreamed | obl |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 knights | cc |
| 38 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 knights | nmod:poss |
| 39 | knights | knight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 Burg | conj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 dames | punct |
| 41 | dames | dame | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 knights | conj |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 maidens | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 maidens | cc |
| 44 | maidens | maiden | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 Burg | conj |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 said | punct |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 said | cc |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 treasures | det |
| 48 | treasures | treasure | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 said | nsubj:pass |
| 49 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 51 said | nsubj:pass |
| 50 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 51 said | aux:pass |
| 51 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 stood | conj |
| 52 | to | to | PART | _ | 53 lie | mark |
| 53 | lie | lie | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 51 said | xcomp |
| 54 | concealed | conceal | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 53 lie | xcomp |
| 55 | under | under | ADP | _ | 57 ruins | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 ruins | det |
| 57 | ruins | ruin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 54 concealed | obl |
| 58 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 stood | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | past | a herdsman | the narrow path | on John St.'s Day | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on day=Location | |||
| 2 | lead | gerund | the narrow path not said here | to the fallen walls | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to wall=Patient | ||||
| 3 | not fall | participle | then | entirely property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | dream | past | a herdsman not said here | day | of the Burg and herdsman's knights and dames and maidens | vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent | |||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past · passive | the treasures | that nsubj:pass | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | lie | to-infinitive | tree rules | ||||||
| 7 | conceal | participle | the ruins | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent under ruin=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/9/18/