Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 8, sentence 57
"I will venture it!" he cried, dismounted, tied his horse to a tree, and went with light steps, as if afraid some one might hear him, over the fallen rocks, and stretched his neck to look into the cave.
Who acts: farmer, one · What happens: venture, cry, dismount, tie, go, hear · To what, where: struggle, horse, farmer, fallen rocks, neck · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (farmer, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 venture | punct |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 venture | nsubj |
| 3 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 venture | aux |
| 4 | venture | venture | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 cried | parataxis |
| 5 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 venture | obj |
| 6 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 4 venture | punct |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 venture | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 cried | nsubj |
| 9 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 dismounted | punct |
| 11 | dismounted | dismount | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 cried | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 tied | punct |
| 13 | tied | tie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 dismounted | conj |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 horse | nmod:poss |
| 15 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 tied | obj |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 tree | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 tree | det |
| 18 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 tied | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 went | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 went | cc |
| 21 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 cried | conj |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 steps | case |
| 23 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 steps | compound |
| 24 | steps | step | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 went | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 afraid | punct |
| 26 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 28 afraid | mark |
| 27 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 28 afraid | mark |
| 28 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 went | advcl |
| 29 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 30 one | det |
| 30 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 hear | nsubj |
| 31 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 32 hear | aux |
| 32 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 afraid | ccomp |
| 33 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 hear | obj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 rocks | punct |
| 35 | over | over | ADP | _ | 38 rocks | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 rocks | det |
| 37 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 rocks | amod |
| 38 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 hear | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 stretched | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 stretched | cc |
| 41 | stretched | stretch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 cried | conj |
| 42 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 neck | nmod:poss |
| 43 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 stretched | obj |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 45 look | mark |
| 45 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 stretched | advcl |
| 46 | into | into | ADP | _ | 48 cave | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 cave | det |
| 48 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 look | obl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 cried | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | venture in a quote | future | farmer | struggle | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic | ||||
| 2 | cry speech: express | past | farmer | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | dismount | past | farmer not said here | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | tie | past | farmer not said here | farmer's horse | to a tree | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent horse=Patient to tree=Co-Patient | |||
| 5 | go | past | farmer not said here | with light steps | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with step=Beneficiary | ||||
| 6 | hear | might | some one | farmer | the fallen rocks | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | |||
| 7 | fall | participle | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 8 | stretch | past | farmer not said here | farmer's neck | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent neck=Patient | ||||
| 9 | look | to-infinitive | farmer not said here | into the cave | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent into cave=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/9/57/