English Fairy Tales, Jack the Giant-killer, sentence 91
Then he came to a window, barred with iron, through which he looked and beheld a vast number of miserable captives, who, seeing him, cried out: “Alas! young man, art thou come to be one amongst us in this miserable den?”
Who acts: giant, miserable captives · What happens: come, bar, look, behold, see, cry out · To what, where: young man, window, vast number, giant, miserable den, one · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Jack the Giant-killer. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (giant, miserable captives), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 came | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 window | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 window | det |
| 6 | window | window | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 barred | punct |
| 8 | barred | bar | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 window | acl |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 iron | case |
| 10 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 barred | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 looked | punct |
| 12 | through | through | ADP | _ | 13 which | case |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 looked | obl |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 looked | nsubj |
| 15 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 beheld | cc |
| 17 | beheld | behold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 looked | conj |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 number | det |
| 19 | vast | vast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 number | amod |
| 20 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 beheld | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 captives | case |
| 22 | miserable | miserable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 captives | amod |
| 23 | captives | captive | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 number | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 seeing | punct |
| 25 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 seeing | nsubj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 seeing | punct |
| 27 | seeing | see | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 captives | acl |
| 28 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 seeing | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 cried | punct |
| 30 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 31 | out | out | ADP | _ | 30 cried | compound:prt |
| 32 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 37 man | punct |
| 33 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 man | punct |
| 34 | Alas | alas | INTJ | _ | 37 man | discourse |
| 35 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 34 Alas | punct |
| 36 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 man | amod |
| 37 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 art | punct |
| 39 | art | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 man | acl:relcl |
| 40 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 39 art | obj |
| 41 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 39 art | xcomp |
| 42 | to | to | PART | _ | 44 one | mark |
| 43 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 44 one | cop |
| 44 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 41 come | advcl |
| 45 | amongst | amongst | ADP | _ | 46 us | case |
| 46 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 44 one | nmod |
| 47 | in | in | ADP | _ | 50 den | case |
| 48 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 50 den | det |
| 49 | miserable | miserable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 den | amod |
| 50 | den | den | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 come | obl |
| 51 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 37 man | punct |
| 52 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 man | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | giant | young man | a window | then | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to window=Initial_Location | ||
| 2 | bar | participle | a window not said here | with iron | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer | ||||
| 3 | look | past | giant | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent through which=Theme | |||||
| 4 | behold | past | giant not said here | a vast number of miserable captives | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer number=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | see | gerund | miserable captives | giant | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | cry out speech: express | past | giant not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | come in a quote | infinitive | giant not said here | this miserable den | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in den=Location | ||||
| 8 | is a in a quote | to-infinitive | giant not said here | one | amongst us | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7439 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7439/23/91/