English Fairy Tales, The Golden Arm, sentence 11
Pretending not to be afraid, he spoke to the ghost, and said: “What hast thou done with thy cheeks so red?”
Who acts: husband · What happens: pretend, not be, speak, say, have, do · To what, where: thou · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, The Golden Arm. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (husband), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pretending | pretend | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 spoke | advcl |
| 2 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 afraid | advmod |
| 3 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 afraid | mark |
| 4 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 afraid | cop |
| 5 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Pretending | xcomp |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Pretending | punct |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 spoke | nsubj |
| 8 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 said | advcl |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 ghost | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 ghost | det |
| 11 | ghost | ghost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 spoke | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 said | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 said | cc |
| 14 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 hast | punct |
| 16 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 hast | punct |
| 17 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 18 hast | obj |
| 18 | hast | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 said | ccomp |
| 19 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 18 hast | obj |
| 20 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 hast | advcl |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 cheeks | case |
| 22 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 23 cheeks | nmod:poss |
| 23 | cheeks | cheek | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 done | obl |
| 24 | so | so | ADV | _ | 25 red | advmod |
| 25 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 done | advcl |
| 26 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 14 said | punct |
| 27 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pretend | gerund | husband not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | not is | to-infinitive | husband not said here | afraid property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | speak speech: other | past | husband | to the ghost | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to ghost=Co-Agent | ||||
| 4 | say speech: ask | past | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 5 | have in a quote | present | thou | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | do in a quote | participle | with thy cheeks | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7439 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7439/27/11/