Folk tales from Tibet, The Hare and the Lions., sentence 39
It ended in our having a free fight, and I regret to say that I was obliged to injure Mr. Lion rather severely before I could make him see reason, and he is now lying in a dying state in the valley below.”
Who acts: fact, our, I, Lion, Hare · What happens: end, have, regret, say, oblige, injure · To what, where: free fight, I, Lion, reason, dying state · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Hare and the Lions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fact, our, I, Lion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 ended | nsubj |
| 2 | ended | end | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 5 having | mark |
| 4 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 having | nsubj |
| 5 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 ended | advcl |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 fight | det |
| 7 | free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 fight | amod |
| 8 | fight | fight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 having | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 regret | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 regret | cc |
| 11 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 12 regret | nsubj |
| 12 | regret | regret | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 ended | parataxis |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 say | mark |
| 14 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 regret | xcomp |
| 15 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 18 obliged | mark |
| 16 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 obliged | nsubj |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 obliged | aux:pass |
| 18 | obliged | oblige | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 say | ccomp |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 injure | mark |
| 20 | injure | injure | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 obliged | xcomp |
| 21 | Mr. | Mr. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 Lion | nmod:desc |
| 22 | Lion | Lion | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 injure | obj |
| 23 | rather | rather | ADV | _ | 24 severely | advmod |
| 24 | severely | severely | ADV | _ | 20 injure | advmod |
| 25 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 28 make | mark |
| 26 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 28 make | nsubj |
| 27 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 make | aux |
| 28 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 injure | advcl |
| 29 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 make | obj |
| 30 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 make | xcomp |
| 31 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 see | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 lying | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 lying | cc |
| 34 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 lying | nsubj |
| 35 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 lying | aux |
| 36 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 37 lying | advmod |
| 37 | lying | lie | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 ended | advcl |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 state | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 state | det |
| 40 | dying | die | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 41 state | amod |
| 41 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 lying | obl |
| 42 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 valley | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 valley | det |
| 44 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 lying | obl |
| 45 | below | below | ADV | _ | 44 valley | advmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 ended | punct |
| 47 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 ended | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | end | past | fact | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | have | gerund | our | a free fight | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fight=Patient | ||||
| 3 | regret | present | I | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | to-infinitive | I not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | oblige | past · passive | I | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result | |||||
| 6 | injure | to-infinitive | Lion Mr. | severely property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | make | could | I | Lion | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | see | infinitive | Lion not said here | reason | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer reason=Stimulus | ||||
| 9 | lie | present · progressive | Hare | a dying state | now | in the valley | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in state=Location | ||
| 10 | die | gerund | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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