Folk tales from Tibet, The Story of How the Hare Made a Fool of the Wolf., sentence 25
“I am sharpening a knife to kill you with,” replied the Sheep, but she was so nervous that the Wolf at once noticed the terrified sound of her voice and began to suspect that he had been made a fool of.
Who acts: Sheep, distance, Wolf · What happens: sharpen, kill, reply, be, notice, begin · To what, where: knife, you, terrified sound, Wolf · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Story of How the Hare Made a Fool of the Wolf.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sheep, distance, Wolf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 sharpening | punct |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 sharpening | nsubj |
| 3 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 sharpening | aux |
| 4 | sharpening | sharpen | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 replied | ccomp |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 knife | det |
| 6 | knife | knife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sharpening | obj |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 kill | mark |
| 8 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 sharpening | advcl |
| 9 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 8 kill | obj |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 kill | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 sharpening | punct |
| 12 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 sharpening | punct |
| 13 | replied | reply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Sheep | det |
| 15 | Sheep | sheep | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 replied | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 nervous | punct |
| 17 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 nervous | cc |
| 18 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 nervous | nsubj |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 nervous | cop |
| 20 | so | so | ADV | _ | 21 nervous | advmod |
| 21 | nervous | nervous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 replied | advcl |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 27 noticed | mark |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Wolf | det |
| 24 | Wolf | wolf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 noticed | nsubj |
| 25 | at | at | ADP | _ | 26 once | case |
| 26 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 27 noticed | obl |
| 27 | noticed | notice | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 nervous | advcl |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 sound | det |
| 29 | terrified | terrified | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 sound | amod |
| 30 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 noticed | obj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 voice | case |
| 32 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 voice | nmod:poss |
| 33 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 sound | nmod |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 began | cc |
| 35 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 noticed | conj |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 suspect | mark |
| 37 | suspect | suspect | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 began | xcomp |
| 38 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 42 made | mark |
| 39 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 made | nsubj |
| 40 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 made | aux |
| 41 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 42 made | aux:pass |
| 42 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 suspect | ccomp |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 fool | det |
| 44 | fool | fool | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 made | xcomp |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 fool | case |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 replied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sharpen in a quote | present · progressive | the Sheep = sheep | a knife | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent knife=Patient | ||||
| 2 | kill in a quote | to-infinitive | the Sheep = sheep not said here | you | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme | ||||
| 3 | reply speech: assert | past | the Sheep | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | is | past | distance | nervous property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | notice | past | the Wolf | the terrified sound of distance's voice | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sound=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | begin | past | the Wolf not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 7 | suspect | to-infinitive | the Wolf not said here | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 8 | make | past · perfect · passive | Wolf | a fool xcomp | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/12/25/