Folk tales from Tibet, The Story of the Lama’s Servant., sentence 17
“Pray hold this rope,” said the Servant, handing the Lama the loose end of the rope to which the sheep was secured, “and if the sheep begins to struggle, pull it as hard as you can to prevent him from escaping.”
Who acts: Pray, Servant, sheep · What happens: hold, say, hand, secure, begin, struggle · To what, where: rope, loose end, Lama, sheep, Servant · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Story of the Lama’s Servant.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pray, Servant, sheep), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 hold | punct |
| 2 | Pray | Pray | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 hold | nsubj |
| 3 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 said | ccomp |
| 4 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 rope | det |
| 5 | rope | rope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 hold | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 hold | punct |
| 7 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 hold | punct |
| 8 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Servant | det |
| 10 | Servant | servant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 said | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 handing | punct |
| 12 | handing | hand | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 said | advcl |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Lama | det |
| 14 | Lama | Lama | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 handing | obj |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 end | det |
| 16 | loose | loose | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 end | amod |
| 17 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 handing | obj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 rope | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 rope | det |
| 20 | rope | rope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 end | nmod |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 which | case |
| 22 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 secured | obl |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 sheep | det |
| 24 | sheep | sheep | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 secured | nsubj |
| 25 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 secured | aux:pass |
| 26 | secured | secure | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 rope | acl:relcl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 begins | punct |
| 28 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 begins | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 begins | cc |
| 30 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 33 begins | mark |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 sheep | det |
| 32 | sheep | sheep | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 begins | nsubj |
| 33 | begins | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 handing | advcl |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 struggle | mark |
| 35 | struggle | struggle | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 begins | xcomp |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 pull | punct |
| 37 | pull | pull | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 struggle | conj |
| 38 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 pull | obj |
| 39 | as | as | ADV | _ | 40 hard | advmod |
| 40 | hard | hard | ADV | Degree=Pos | 37 pull | advmod |
| 41 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 43 can | mark |
| 42 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 43 can | nsubj |
| 43 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 40 hard | advcl |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 45 prevent | mark |
| 45 | prevent | prevent | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 pull | advcl |
| 46 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 prevent | obj |
| 47 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 48 escaping | mark |
| 48 | escaping | escape | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 45 prevent | advcl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 said | punct |
| 50 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold in a quote | infinitive | Pray | this rope | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rope=Theme | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the Servant | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | hand | gerund | the Servant not said here | the loose end of the rope | the Lama | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent lama=Destination end=Theme | |||
| 4 | secure | past · passive | the sheep | to the rope | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Patient to which=Co-Patient | ||||
| 5 | begin a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present | the sheep | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 6 | struggle in a quote | to-infinitive | the sheep not said here | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | pull in a quote | infinitive | the sheep not said here | rope | hard property | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | |||
| 8 | prevent in a quote | to-infinitive | the sheep not said here | Servant | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer he=Theme | ||||
| 9 | escape in a quote | gerund | the sheep not said here | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/19/17/