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Folk tales from Tibet, The Story of the Tortoise and the Monkey., sentence 1

There was once an old Tortoise who lived with his wife and family in a large lake, on the borders of which grew an extensive jungle; and in the forest there were many wild beasts, more especially Monkeys, who swarmed in great numbers all along the shores of the lake.

Who acts: old Tortoise, borders, many wild beasts · What happens: be, live, grow, swarm · To what, where: large lake, extensive jungle, great numbers

This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Story of the Tortoise and the Monkey.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old Tortoise, borders, many wild beasts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

expladvmoddetamodnsubjnsubjacl:relclcasenmod:possoblccconjcasedetamodoblpunctcasedetoblcasensubjacl:relcldetamodobjpunctcccasedetnsubjexplacl:relclamodamodnsubjpunctadvmodadvmodconjpunctnsubjacl:relclcaseamodobladvmodcasedetnmodcasedetnmodpunctrootTherePRONwasVERBonceADVanDEToldADJTortoiseNOUNwhoPRONlivedVERBwithADPhisPRONwifeNOUNandCCONJfamilyNOUNinADPaDETlargeADJlakeNOUN,PUNCTonADPtheDETbordersNOUNofADPwhichPRONgrewVERBanDETextensiveADJjungleNOUN;PUNCTandCCONJinADPtheDETforestNOUNtherePRONwereAUXmanyADJwildADJbeastsNOUN,PUNCTmoreADVespeciallyADVMonkeysNOUN,PUNCTwhoPRONswarmedVERBinADPgreatADJnumbersNOUNallADValongADPtheDETshoresNOUNofADPtheDETlakeNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1TheretherePRONPronType=Dem2 wasexpl
2wasbeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
3onceonceADVNumForm=Word NumType=Mult2 wasadvmod
4anaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art6 Tortoisedet
5oldoldADJDegree=Pos6 Tortoiseamod
6TortoisetortoiseNOUNNumber=Sing2 wasnsubj
7whowhoPRONPronType=Rel8 livednsubj
8livedliveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin6 Tortoiseacl:relcl
9withwithADP_11 wifecase
10hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs11 wifenmod:poss
11wifewifeNOUNNumber=Sing8 livedobl
12andandCCONJ_13 familycc
13familyfamilyNOUNNumber=Sing11 wifeconj
14ininADP_17 lakecase
15aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art17 lakedet
16largelargeADJDegree=Pos17 lakeamod
17lakelakeNOUNNumber=Sing8 livedobl
18,,PUNCT_21 borderspunct
19ononADP_21 borderscase
20thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art21 bordersdet
21bordersborderNOUNNumber=Plur8 livedobl
22ofofADP_23 whichcase
23whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel24 grewnsubj
24grewgrowVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin21 bordersacl:relcl
25anaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art27 jungledet
26extensiveextensiveADJDegree=Pos27 jungleamod
27junglejungleNOUNNumber=Sing24 grewobj
28;;PUNCT_32 forestpunct
29andandCCONJ_32 forestcc
30ininADP_32 forestcase
31thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art32 forestdet
32forestforestNOUNNumber=Sing2 wasnsubj
33theretherePRONPronType=Dem34 wereexpl
34werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin32 forestacl:relcl
35manymanyADJDegree=Pos37 beastsamod
36wildwildADJDegree=Pos37 beastsamod
37beastsbeastNOUNNumber=Plur34 werensubj
38,,PUNCT_41 Monkeyspunct
39moremoreADVDegree=Cmp40 especiallyadvmod
40especiallyespeciallyADV_41 Monkeysadvmod
41MonkeysmonkeyNOUNNumber=Plur37 beastsconj
42,,PUNCT_44 swarmedpunct
43whowhoPRONPronType=Rel44 swarmednsubj
44swarmedswarmVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin37 beastsacl:relcl
45ininADP_47 numberscase
46greatgreatADJDegree=Pos47 numbersamod
47numbersnumberNOUNNumber=Plur44 swarmedobl
48allallADV_51 shoresadvmod
49alongalongADP_51 shorescase
50thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art51 shoresdet
51shoresshoreNOUNNumber=Plur47 numbersnmod
52ofofADP_54 lakecase
53thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art54 lakedet
54lakelakeNOUNNumber=Sing51 shoresnmod
55..PUNCT_2 waspunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1bepasta old Tortoisetherethe forest nsubj; once propertyvn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2livepasta old Tortoisea large lakewith Tortoise's wife and family; on the bordersvn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with wife=Location
3growpastthe bordersa extensive junglevn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location jungle=Theme
4swarmpastmany wild beasts and Monkeysgreat numbers along the shores of the lakevn swarm-47.5.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in number=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/21/1/