Folk tales from Tibet, The Story of the Tortoise and the Monkey., sentence 1
There was once an old Tortoise who lived with his wife and family in a large lake, on the borders of which grew an extensive jungle; and in the forest there were many wild beasts, more especially Monkeys, who swarmed in great numbers all along the shores of the lake.
Who acts: old Tortoise, borders, many wild beasts · What happens: be, live, grow, swarm · To what, where: large lake, extensive jungle, great numbers
This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Story of the Tortoise and the Monkey.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old Tortoise, borders, many wild beasts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 was | expl |
| 2 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 2 was | advmod |
| 4 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 Tortoise | det |
| 5 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 Tortoise | amod |
| 6 | Tortoise | tortoise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 was | nsubj |
| 7 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 lived | nsubj |
| 8 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 Tortoise | acl:relcl |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 wife | case |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 wife | nmod:poss |
| 11 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 lived | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 family | cc |
| 13 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 wife | conj |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 lake | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 lake | det |
| 16 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 lake | amod |
| 17 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 lived | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 borders | punct |
| 19 | on | on | ADP | _ | 21 borders | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 borders | det |
| 21 | borders | border | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 lived | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 which | case |
| 23 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 grew | nsubj |
| 24 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 borders | acl:relcl |
| 25 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 jungle | det |
| 26 | extensive | extensive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 jungle | amod |
| 27 | jungle | jungle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 grew | obj |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 forest | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 forest | cc |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 forest | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 forest | det |
| 32 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 was | nsubj |
| 33 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 34 were | expl |
| 34 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 forest | acl:relcl |
| 35 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 beasts | amod |
| 36 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 beasts | amod |
| 37 | beasts | beast | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 were | nsubj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 Monkeys | punct |
| 39 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 40 especially | advmod |
| 40 | especially | especially | ADV | _ | 41 Monkeys | advmod |
| 41 | Monkeys | monkey | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 beasts | conj |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 swarmed | punct |
| 43 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 44 swarmed | nsubj |
| 44 | swarmed | swarm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 beasts | acl:relcl |
| 45 | in | in | ADP | _ | 47 numbers | case |
| 46 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 numbers | amod |
| 47 | numbers | number | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 swarmed | obl |
| 48 | all | all | ADV | _ | 51 shores | advmod |
| 49 | along | along | ADP | _ | 51 shores | case |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 shores | det |
| 51 | shores | shore | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 numbers | nmod |
| 52 | of | of | ADP | _ | 54 lake | case |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 lake | det |
| 54 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 shores | nmod |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 was | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | a old Tortoise | there | the forest nsubj; once property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | live | past | a old Tortoise | a large lake | with Tortoise's wife and family; on the borders | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with wife=Location | |||
| 3 | grow | past | the borders | a extensive jungle | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location jungle=Theme | ||||
| 4 | swarm | past | many wild beasts and Monkeys | great numbers along the shores of the lake | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in number=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/21/1/