Folk tales from Tibet, The Story of the Two Neighbours., sentence 22
So next day he went up on to the roof, and leaning out over the parapet he picked out a young Sparrow from the nest with a pair of chop-sticks, and dropped it on to the ground below, where the poor little bird broke its leg.
Who acts: change, poor little bird · What happens: go up, lean out, pick out, drop on, break · To what, where: roof, parapet, young Sparrow, nest, ground, leg
This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Story of the Two Neighbours.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (change, poor little bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 5 went | advmod |
| 2 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 day | amod |
| 3 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 went | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 went | nsubj |
| 5 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | up | up | ADP | _ | 5 went | compound:prt |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 roof | case |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 roof | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 roof | det |
| 10 | roof | roof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 went | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 picked | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 picked | cc |
| 13 | leaning | lean | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 picked | csubj |
| 14 | out | out | ADV | _ | 13 leaning | advmod |
| 15 | over | over | ADP | _ | 17 parapet | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 parapet | det |
| 17 | parapet | parapet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 leaning | obl |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 picked | nsubj |
| 19 | picked | pick | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 went | conj |
| 20 | out | out | ADP | _ | 19 picked | compound:prt |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 Sparrow | det |
| 22 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 Sparrow | amod |
| 23 | Sparrow | sparrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 picked | obj |
| 24 | from | from | ADP | _ | 26 nest | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 nest | det |
| 26 | nest | nest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 picked | obl |
| 27 | with | with | ADP | _ | 29 pair | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 pair | det |
| 29 | pair | pair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 picked | obl |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 sticks | case |
| 31 | chop | chop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 sticks | compound |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 31 chop | punct |
| 33 | sticks | stick | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 pair | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 dropped | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 dropped | cc |
| 36 | dropped | drop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 went | parataxis |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 dropped | obj |
| 38 | on | on | ADP | _ | 36 dropped | compound:prt |
| 39 | to | to | ADP | _ | 41 ground | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 ground | det |
| 41 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 dropped | obl |
| 42 | below | below | ADV | _ | 36 dropped | advmod |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 broke | punct |
| 44 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 49 broke | advmod |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 bird | det |
| 46 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 bird | amod |
| 47 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 bird | amod |
| 48 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 broke | nsubj |
| 49 | broke | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 dropped | conj |
| 50 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 51 leg | nmod:poss |
| 51 | leg | leg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 broke | obj |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go up | past | change | the roof | day | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||
| 2 | lean out | gerund | the parapet | out property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over parapet=Location | ||||
| 3 | pick out | past | change | a young Sparrow | the nest | with a pair of chop sticks | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent sparrow=Theme from nest=Source | ||
| 4 | drop on | past | nest | the ground | below property | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme to ground=Destination | |||
| 5 | break | past | the poor little bird | nest's leg | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer leg=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/5/22/