Folk tales from Tibet, The Story of the Foolish Young Mussulman., sentence 50
He could not make out what the shadow was, but thought it must be some ghost or demon, which wanted to do him an injury, so he urged his horse into a gallop, in order to try and get away from it.
Who acts: Boy, shadow, ghost · What happens: not make out, think, be, want, do, urge · To what, where: ghost, Boy, horse, gallop, shadow · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Story of the Foolish Young Mussulman.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Boy, shadow, ghost), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 make | nsubj |
| 2 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 make | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 make | advmod |
| 4 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | out | out | ADP | _ | 4 make | compound:prt |
| 6 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 make | obj |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 shadow | det |
| 8 | shadow | shadow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 was | nsubj |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 what | acl:relcl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 thought | punct |
| 11 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 12 thought | cc |
| 12 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 make | conj |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 ghost | nsubj |
| 14 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 ghost | aux |
| 15 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 17 ghost | cop |
| 16 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 17 ghost | det |
| 17 | ghost | ghost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 thought | ccomp |
| 18 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 19 demon | cc |
| 19 | demon | demon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 ghost | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 wanted | punct |
| 21 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 wanted | nsubj |
| 22 | wanted | want | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 ghost | parataxis |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 do | mark |
| 24 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 wanted | xcomp |
| 25 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 do | obj |
| 26 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 injury | det |
| 27 | injury | injury | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 do | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 urged | punct |
| 29 | so | so | ADV | _ | 31 urged | advmod |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 urged | nsubj |
| 31 | urged | urge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 make | parataxis |
| 32 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 horse | nmod:poss |
| 33 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 urged | obj |
| 34 | into | into | ADP | _ | 36 gallop | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 gallop | det |
| 36 | gallop | gallop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 urged | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 try | punct |
| 38 | in | in | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 41 try | mark |
| 39 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 in | fixed |
| 40 | to | to | PART | _ | 41 try | mark |
| 41 | try | try | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 4 make | parataxis |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 get | cc |
| 43 | get | get | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 41 try | conj |
| 44 | away | away | ADV | _ | 43 get | advmod |
| 45 | from | from | ADP | _ | 46 it | case |
| 46 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 get | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 make | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not make out | could | Boy | what obj | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | think speech: other | past | Boy not said here | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is a | must | shadow | some ghost or demon | demon conj | tree rules | |||
| 4 | want | past | some ghost or demon | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | do not said to happen | to-infinitive | some ghost or demon not said here | Boy | a injury obj | tree rules | |||
| 6 | urge | past | Boy | Boy's horse | a gallop | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Recipient | |||
| 7 | try | to-infinitive | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 8 | get away | infinitive | shadow | away property | vn withdraw-82-2 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from it=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/7/50/