Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Tea-house Story, sentence 39
“What has he done that he should be so degraded?” asked Chi Hsiao Tang of a man standing near.
Who acts: crowd, man · What happens: do, degrade, ask, stand · To what, where: crowd, Hsiao Tang · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Tea-house Story. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crowd, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 asked | punct |
| 2 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 5 done | obj |
| 3 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 done | aux |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 done | nsubj |
| 5 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 asked | advcl |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 degraded | mark |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 degraded | nsubj |
| 8 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 degraded | aux |
| 9 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 11 degraded | aux:pass |
| 10 | so | so | ADV | _ | 11 degraded | advmod |
| 11 | degraded | degrade | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 done | advcl |
| 12 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 done | punct |
| 13 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 done | punct |
| 14 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | Chi | Chi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Hsiao | compound |
| 16 | Hsiao | Hsiao | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Tang | compound |
| 17 | Tang | Tang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 asked | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 man | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 man | det |
| 20 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 Tang | nmod |
| 21 | standing | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 man | acl |
| 22 | near | near | ADV | _ | 21 standing | advmod |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 asked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do in a quote | present · perfect | crowd | What obj | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | degrade in a quote | should · passive | crowd | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | past | Hsiao Tang of a man | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | stand | gerund | a man not said here | near property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/10/39/